[Consumer behavior toward functional foods. The role of authentic information]. / Az egészségvédo élelmiszerekkel kapcsolatos fogyasztói magatartás. A hiteles tájékoztatás szerepe.

Nowadays, we are witnessing a spectacular improvement in health consciousness of advanced societies. Due to the transformation of consumer behaviour, the proportion of health-conscious consumers who make well-informed and independent decisions increases steadily. In parallel, health-promoting foods are gaining more ground in the markets. Regarding the health effects, primarily cardiovascular prevention, bacterial flora modification, weight reduction as well as energy and vitamin supplementation are in focus in Hungary. Practically, any food type can be enriched with functional attributes; however, in addition to technical difficulties, the main challenge for food manufacturers is to persuade consumers to try out their products and use them continuously. In addition to research, development and innovation, consumer awareness and continuous knowledge expansion are also key factors for the success of functional foods. Consequently, strengthening the collaboration between functional food manufacturers and health professionals and researchers would be particularly beneficial, since their interrelationships might have a significant impact on the development and acceptance of novel functional foods. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(30): 1221-1225.

[Pneumococcal vaccination in general practice]. / A pneumococcusvakcináció gyakorlata a családorvosi praxisokban.

INTRODUCTION: The prevalence of invasive pneumococcal disease, which is depending on risk factors and comorbidities, is increasing over the age of 50 years. Most developed countries have recommendations but vaccination rates remain low. AIM: To assess the general practitioners' daily practice in relation to pneumococcal vaccination and analyse the effect of informing the subjects about the importance of pneumococcal vaccination on vaccination routine. METHOD: Subjects over 50 years of age vaccinated against influenza during the 2012/2013 campaign were informed about the importance of pneumococcal vaccination and asked to fill in a questionnaire. RESULTS: Of the 4000 subjects, 576 asked for a prescription of pneumococcal vaccine (16.5% of females and 11.6% of males, OR 1.67 CI 95% 1.37-2.04, p<0.001) and 310 were vaccinated. The mean age of females and males was 70.95 and 69.8 years, respectively (OR 1.01; CI 95% 1.00-1.02; p<0.05). Information given by physicians resulted in 33,6% prescription rate, while in case it was 8% when nurses provided information (OR 6.33; CI 95% 5.23-7.67; p<0.001). As an effect of this study the vaccination rate was 6.3 times higher than in the previous year campaign (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: General practitioners are more effective in informing subjects about the importance of vaccination than nurses. Campaign can raise the vaccination rate significantly.

[Exploration of attitudes about healthy nutrition based on a questionnaire survey]. / Az egészséges táplálkozással kapcsolatos attitudök feltárása kérdoíves megkérdezés alapján.

INTRODUCTION: Nowadays the number of people suffering from different non-communicable diseases is continuously rising. However, the risk of the incidence of these diseases can be reduced with the help of conscious and healthy lifestyle. AIM: The main aim of the study was to explore Hungarian consumers' attitude related to healthy diet. METHOD: A questionnaire survey was conducted with 473 respondents. RESULTS: According to the participants it is difficult to make head or tail of information about healthy nutrition, and the "Internet" is the most frequently used source of information. With cluster analysis 3 significantly different consumer groups were identified: participants of the "ambitious" group show positive attitude towards healthy diet; the "health conscious" cluster cares about and actively supports health and diet; and members of the "indifferent" cluster are less interested and do not make a remarkable effort for their healthy diet. CONCLUSIONS: Results of the questionnaire survey pointed out the importance of targeted information to relevant consumer groups, as well as the importance of popularization of accurate and reliable information sources. Furthermore, presentation and popularization of cost-effective healthy nutrition are of outstanding importance, especially for consumers in need (e.g. elderly, low-income people).

Influenza vaccination: pros and cons? Views of general practitioners and the general population / Influenza elleni védooltás: mi szól mellette és ellene? Háziorvosok és a lakosság nézetei

Összefoglaló. Bevezetés: A magyar felnott lakosság heterogén attitudje folytán az influenza elleni átoltottság elmarad az nemzetközi ajánlásoktól. A háziorvosok meggyozo potenciálja jelentos, ezért fontos szerepük van a felnott lakosság oltással kapcsolatos döntéseinek befolyásolásában. Célkituzés: Az influenza elleni oltásra vonatkozó támogató és akadályozó tényezok azonosítása felnott háziorvosok és a teljes lakosság és körében. Módszer: 1000 fo, a teljes felnott lakosságra reprezentatív alany, valamint 317 fo, felnott- és vegyes praxisban dolgozó háziorvosokra reprezentatív orvos megkérdezése önkitöltos online kérdoív segítségével. Eredmények: Az influenza elleni oltás lehetosége 93%-ban ismert a lakosság számára, 30% a leginkább a háziorvos tanácsát követné ebben a kérdésben. A háziorvosok jelentosen túlbecsülik az ellátott lakosság átoltottságát. Az oltást nem tervezok leggyakoribb indokai: nem tartják veszélyesnek az influenzát, bíznak a saját immunrendszerükben, tartanak az oltás mellékhatásaitól. Megbeszélés: Elenyészo az influenza elleni oltás lehetoségét mereven elutasítók aránya. A többség relatív indokok alapján tartja kevésbé fontosnak ezt a lehetoséget. A háziorvos hiteles szereplo a lakosság jelentos része számára. Következtetés: A háziorvos szerepe kulcsfontosságú a lakosság átoltottságának növelésében. Orv Hetil. 2021; 163(6): 222-228. INTRODUCTION: Compared to the international guidelines, the flu vaccination rate of the Hungarian adult population is not satisfactory due to its heterogeneous attitude towards vaccination. Based on previous results, the convincing potential of general practitioners seems to be significant, therefore they have an important role when influencing people's decision-making concerning this topic. OBJECTIVE: To identify drivers and barriers to flu vaccination among general practitioners and the whole population. METHOD: Adult subjects representing the whole general population (n = 1000), and a representative sample of general practitioners (n = 317) surveyed through online self-completed questionnaires. RESULTS: 93% of the adult population is aware of influenza vaccine's existence. 30% prefer to follow the general practitioner's advice on this topic. General practitioners significantly over-estimate the vaccination coverage of the population they serve. The most common reasons for not getting vaccinated against flu: not considering the influenza dangerous, trusting their own immune system, and being afraid of the side effects of the vaccine. CONCLUSION: The rate of hard refusal of influenza vaccination is negligible. The vast majority of the population consider this option less important for relative reasons. The general practitioner is an authentic actor for a large part of the population. Orv Hetil. 2022; 163(6): 222-228.

[Physicians' opinions towards antibiotic use and resistance in the southeastern region of Hungary]. / Orvosok antibiotikumfelhasználással és -rezisztenciával kapcsolatos véleményének vizsgálata Magyarország délkeleti részén.

Introduction: Without antibiotics, today's modern medicine would be unimaginable, but the emergence of antimicrobial resistance threatens their effectiveness. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the knowledge and attitudes of general practitioners towards antibiotic use and resistance, prevention and their opinion on their personal liability related to these areas. Method: An exploratory, quantitative study was carried out among physicians (n = 105) working in the southeastern region of Hungary. Results: Among the respondents, the ones who do not comprehend the severity of the issue of antibiotic resistance and their role in the prudent use of these drugs, are much fewer. The majority of the answerers attribute an important role to prevention in the fight against infectious disease. Negative practical attitude was found to be significantly correlated to gappy knowledge and improper theoretical attitude. Conclusions: A heterogeneous dispersion in the general practitioners' attitudes was found. Continuous professional development (CPD) of general practitioners in the topic of antibiotic resistance could be of great importance. Orv Hetil. 2020; 161(9): 330-339.

[Examining health professionals' knowledge and attitudes towards mental disorders]. / Egészségügyi szakdolgozók mentális zavarokkal kapcsolatos ismereteinek és a betegekkel szembeni attitudjének vizsgálata.

Introduction: The stigmatization of mental patients is a priority topic in both domestic and international research. In addition to social prejudices, people living with mental illness must also struggle with the stigmatizing attitude of health professionals. Aim: It was a survey of attitudes of nursing health care professionals towards psychiatric patients and mental illnesses. We also aimed to assess mental health knowledge among the nursing staff. In the light of the results, our aim was to make proposals for the reform of nursing education. Method: We performed the survey among members of the Hungarian Chamber of Health Care Professionals, in 4 sections (paramedics, emergency nurses, psychiatric nurses and adult nurses). We analyzed the results of the online quantitative survey with multiple variables descriptively. Results: 495 of the completed questionnaires were evaluable (n = 495). Psychiatric nurses are characterized by a less stigmatizing attitude towards rescue and emergency carers and other adult nurses. Less stigmatizing attitudes are characterized by BSc and MSc graduates than those who have secondary education. Almost half of all nurses (47%) in the study feel they have a lack of preparedness about mental illnesses. The rate is 49% for rescue and emergency workers, and 55% for members of the adult care section. There is also a relatively high proportion (28%) of psychiatric nurses, who consider their skills to be inadequate. At the same time, of course, this group replied in the highest proportion (37%) that his knowledge is adequate. Conclusion: Psychiatric education should be made more effective at all levels of nursing training. It would also be important to incorporate sensitizing and anti-stigma methods and to develope empathy. Orv Hetil. 2020; 161(2): 56-66.

[Aspects of developing an education programme based on pulmonologists' appraisal related to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]. / Egy oktatóprogram fejlesztésének lehetoségei tüdogyógyász szakorvosok krónikus obstruktív tüdobetegséggel kapcsolatos megítélése alapján.

Introduction: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a health burden for the patient and the society. We have sought to find the optimal education content to alleviate this burden. Aim: (1) To create patient education content based on the pulmonologists' opinion; (2) to understand the pulmonologists' attitudes and perceptions; (3) to evaluate the options to improve patient adherence. Method: We have performed 20 interviews with pulmonologists working in inpatient, outpatient and rehabilitation settings. The structure of the interviews has been designed to determine the key elements of a patient education programme and to discover perception and therapeutic attitudes. Results: The average COPD patient is a smoker, male, under-socialized, coughs, has dyspnoea and is older than 40 years. He does not take his illness seriously, and seeks medical attention only in case of worsening of the disease, and improvement in adherence is only present in such cases. The latter phenomenon is frequently transient, and limited to worse periods. Three adherence groups can be defined: marginal good adherence (approx. 10%), the average is around 30-40%, and minimal adherence (60%). Correct inhaler use should be taught in maximum three steps, which should be easily reproduced and explained. Conclusion: The aspects defining the framework of the education programme are the adequate patient profile (tailor-making), on-the-spot education in the pulmonology centre, the relationship between the patient and the doctors, patient attitudes and lifestyle changes (smoking cessation), and choosing the adequate inhaler. Orv Hetil. 2020; 161(3): 95-102.

[A potential best practice of cardiopulmonary resuscitation training by peer education in schools. First experiences of a health educative program]. / Egy lehetséges iskolai "jógyakorlat" az újraélesztés kortársoktatásában. Egy egészségfejlesztési program elso tapasztalatai.

Basic life support (BLS) teaching by peer-educators to school-age students was studied by evaluating their effectiveness. BLS resuscitation was taught by the internationally accepted four-stage skill teaching approach. The effectiveness of the training was followed by sociological measuring instruments (n = 91). Compared to the students' previous knowledge and attitudes about resuscitation, an increased willingness to adapt to an unexpected situation can be observed besides acquiring a reproducible method of CPR. The findings did not show significant age differences. Sensitivity and technical training in lay resuscitation is a successful educational process. The applied peer-education model is suitable for transferring resuscitation knowledge and skills. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(46): 1816-1820.

Conocimiento y percepciones que los adultos tienen del COVID-19, República Dominicana / Knowledge and percepcion of adults of COVID-19 in Dominican Republic

Introducción: el COVID-19 es un evento de salud pública de importancia internacional. En marzo del 2020 República Dominicana declaró el primer caso, pasando a transmisión comunitaria semanas después. Material y Métodos: una encuesta en línea fue administrada a 2351 adultos residentes en República Dominicana a través de redes sociales. El cuestionario incluyó datos sociodemográficos, percepción de riesgo, actitud, creencias y mitos. Los participantes completaron el cuestionario entre el 30 de marzo y el 6 de abril del 2020. Resultados: la mayoría de los encuestados afirma lavar sus manos con mayor frecuencia (98 %), evitar asistir a lugares concurridos (96 %), aplicar las normas de etiqueta al toser o estornudar (94 %), utilizar mascarilla (87 %) y evitar tocarse los ojos, la nariz y la boca con las manos sin lavar (99 %). Conclusión: se recomienda realizar campañas de información para promover las buenas prácticas y aclarar concepciones erróneas sobre COVID-19

Introduction: COVID-19 is a public health event of international relevance. In March 2020 the Dominican Republic declared the first case, evolving into community transmission weeks later. Materials and Methods: An online survey was administered to 2351 adults residing in the Dominican Republic through social networks. The questionnaire included sociodemographic data, risk perception, attitude, beliefs and myths. Participants completed the questionnaire between March 30 and April 6, 2020. Results: The majority of those surveyed affirmed that they wash their hands more frequently (98%), avoid going to crowded places (96%), apply the rules of etiquette when coughing or sneezing (94%), using a mask (87%) and avoid touching the eyes, nose and mouth with unwashed hands (99%). Conclusion: Information campaigns are recommended to promote good practices and clarify misconceptions about COVID-19