Pregnancy-associated cancers: frequency and temporal trends in Italy.

OBJECTIVE: Limited data are available on the frequency and time trends of pregnancy-associated cancers, particularly from Southern European countries. The aim of this study was to analyze the frequency and time trends of pregnancy-associated cancer in Italy. METHODS: This was a population-based linkage study using the regional hospital discharge forms database of four Italian regions with more than 17 million inhabitants. All resident women with a hospital discharge form reporting a birth or abortion in the time period under consideration were identified. The time period of the study was 2003-2015 for the Piemonte and Puglia region, 2006-2015 for the Tuscany region, and 2005-2015 for the Veneto region. Risk of developing a pregnancy-associated cancer was calculated as the ratio of the number of pregnancy-related cancers to the total number of pregnancies. RESULTS: A total of 2 297 648 pregnancies were identified. Overall, the pregnancy-associated cancer frequency was 134.8 per 100 000 pregnancies: the frequency ranged from 127.1 in Puglia to 157.3 in Tuscany. The frequency for 100 000 pregnancies was 66.4 in women aged <30 years; the risk increased with age, with a frequency of 275.6 among women aged 40+ years. Approximately two-thirds of cancers were associated with pregnancies resulting in a delivery and one-third with pregnancies resulting in a termination of pregnancy or spontaneous pregnancy loss. No clear trend emerged in the risk of pregnancy-associated cancer per 100 000 pregnancies and calendar year. CONCLUSION: No clear time trend was observed in the frequency of pregnancy-associated cancers in Italy during the last 10 years, the rates being 104, 164, and 130 per 100 000 pregnancies, respectively, in 2003, 2010, and 2015.

Trends in Leading Cancer Incidence among Iranian Women: Annual Cancer Registry Reports, 2003-2015.

BACKGROUND: Cancer is one of the most important causes of death in the world and has an increasing trend globally. We aimed at investigating the five leading cancers in Iranian women based on a 10-year history of cancer registry reports and illustrating the trends in all cancer sites and breast cancer as the top leading one from 2003 to 2015. METHODS: Data were obtained from national cancer registry study. Age-Specific Incidence Rate (ASR) data were obtained from Iran's annual national cancer registry reports between 2003 to 2010 and 2014 to 2015. Using Joinpoint regression, we analyzed incidence trends over time for all cancer sites and the top leading cancer from 2003 to 2015. RESULTS: Breast cancer was ranked first in Iranian women. Its ASR raised from 15.96 in 2003 to 32.63 in 2015. Results of trend analysis based on Annual Percent Change (APC) index showed 5.6 (95%CI: 2.9 to 8.3) and 4.6 (95%CI: 2.0 to 7.2) annual increase in the incidence of all cancer sites and breast cancer from 2003 to 2015, respectively. CONCLUSION: This study indicates significant increasing trends in all cancer sites and breast cancer incidence in Iran. Despite the national coverage of cancer registry over the past decade, more considerations should be taken into account, especially in Breast cancer.

Cancer trends in Eastern India: Retrospective hospital-based cancer registry data analysis.

BACKGROUND: Trends of cancer cases vary across several hospital-based cancer registries (HBCRs). There is a paucity of demographic data to evaluate trends of cancer in Eastern India. AIM: The aim of this study is to evaluate trends and pattern of cancer cases with respect to time from HBCR from Bihar. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study is to evaluate the numbers of consecutive patients registered with eight most common type of cancer in our HBCR in Regional Cancer Centre, Bihar, and to evaluate trends of cancer cases registered with respect to time. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Demographic profile of consecutive cancer patients registered from January 2014 to December 2016 (3 years) in HBCR was obtained. Patients diagnosed with common malignancies including head-and-neck cancer, gallbladder, breast, cervix, ovary, esophagus, stomach, hematolymphoid, and colorectal were analyzed. Frequency distribution, crosstabs, and line diagram were used to evaluate the trends of these common cancers with respect to time. RESULTS: Sixty-six thousand and twenty-nine consecutive patients were registered between 2014 and 2016. Carcinoma gallbladder was the most common malignancy (21%), followed by head-and-neck cancer (19%) and breast cancer (15%). Median age at the diagnosis was 55 years for carcinoma gallbladder while 53 years and 46 years for head-and-neck and breast cancer, respectively. Male-to-female ratio was 0.6 for carcinoma gallbladder and 1.8 for head-and-neck cancer. A number of gallbladder and head-and-neck cancer registered increased by 36% (between 2014 and 2015) and 5% (between 2015 and 2016) and 24% (between 2014 and 2015) and 4% (between 2015 and 2016), respectively. Carcinoma breast and cervix showed decreasing trend with fall in registration up to 13% (between 2015 and 2016) and 27% (between 2015 and 2016), respectively. CONCLUSION: Carcinoma gallbladder is the most common cancer in Bihar. Head-and-neck cancer and carcinoma gallbladder are increasing while breast and cervical cancers are decreasing with respect to time.

Trend and Characteristics of Endometrial Cancer in Lagos, Nigeria.

BACKGROUND: Endometrial cancer occupies the 2nd or 3rd position in the hierarchy of common gynecological cancers in many low- and middle-income countries. However, little is known about its epidemiology, trend and characteristics in many African countries including Nigeria. The study aims to describe the trend in the prevalence, risk factors, symptomatology and types of endometrial cancers in Lagos, Nigeria. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A five-year descriptive retrospective study of the case records of women diagnosed with endometrial cancer at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital from 1 January 2008 to 31 December 2012. Relevant information was retrieved and data analysis was done using SPSS version 20.0. RESULTS: Endometrial cancer was the third most common gynecological malignancy (16.0%) with a rise in its prevalence rate, from 0.9% in 2008 to 1.4% in 2012. It occurred commonly in postmenopausal (81.8%) and parous women with mean age of 62.2 ± 5.5years, median parity of 4, and mean BMI of 32.3 ± 6.4kg/m2. Most women presented with postmenopausal bleeding (88.6%), vaginal discharge (36.4%), usually in stage I (45.5%) and III (22.7%) disease. The most common risk factors for endometrial cancer were advanced age (90.9%) and overweight/obesity (90.9%). Type 1 endometrial cancers accounted for 68.2% of cases, while serous papillary adenocarcinoma was the most common type 2 endometrial cancer. CONCLUSION: There is a rising trend in the prevalence of endometrial cancer in Lagos, Nigeria, with type 1 endometrial cancer being the most common type. Most women present in the postmenopausal period with early stage disease.

The Burden, Future Trends, And Economic Impact Of Lung Cancer In Saudi Arabia.

BACKGROUND: Incidence of cancer in Saudi Arabia has increased for the last two decades, ratcheting up to global levels. Yet, there is a dearth of research on the burden of lung cancer. This study examined the association between new cases of lung cancer and factors such as gender, age, and year of diagnosis; and forecast new cases and extrapolated future economic burden to 2030. METHODS: This a national-level cohort study that utilized the Saudi Cancer Registry data from 1999 to 2013. Multivariate regression was used; new lung cancer cases forecast and economic burden extrapolated to 20130. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to assess the impact of a range of epidemiologic and economic factors on the economic burden. RESULTS: Of the 166,497 new cancer cases (1999-2013), 3.8% was lung cancer. Males and Saudis had over threefold higher cases compared with females and non-Saudis, respectively. While the age group ≥65 years had 1.14 times or 14% increase in new cases, under-30 years had 97.2% fewer cases compared with age group 45-59. Compared with 1999, the period 2011-2013 had a 106% average increase. The years 2002-2010 registered an average 50% rise in new cases compared to 1999. New cases would rise to 1058 in 2030, an upsurge of 87% from 2013. The future economic burden was estimated at $2.49 billion in 2015 value, of which $520 million was attributable to care management and $1.97 billion in lost productivity. The economic burden for the period 2015-2030 will be $50.16 billion. The present value of this burden in 2015 values will be $34.60 billion, of which 21% will be attributable to care management. Estimates were robust to uncertainty, but the aged-standardized rate and 5-year survival rate would account for much of the variability compared with the economic factors. CONCLUSION: Findings reveal an upsurge of lung cancer burden in incidence and potential economic burden, which may inform cancer control measures.

Trends in mouth cancer incidence in Mumbai, India (1995-2009): An age-period-cohort analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Despite tobacco control and health promotion efforts, the incidence rates of mouth cancer are increasing across most regions in India. Analysing the influence of age, time period and birth cohort on these secular trends can point towards underlying factors and help identify high-risk populations for improved cancer control programmes. METHODS: We evaluated secular changes in mouth cancer incidence among men and women aged 25-74 years in Mumbai between 1995 and 2009 by calculating age-specific and age-standardized incidence rates (ASR). We estimated the age-adjusted linear trend for annual percent change (EAPC) using the drift parameter, and conducted an age-period-cohort (APC) analysis to quantify recent time trends and to evaluate the significance of birth cohort and calendar period effects. RESULTS: Over the 15-year period, age-standardized incidence rates of mouth cancer in men in Mumbai increased by 2.7% annually (95% CI:1.9 to 3.4), p<0.0001) while rates among women decreased (EAPC=-0.01% (95% CI:-0.02 to -0.002), p=0.03). APC analysis revealed significant non-linear positive period and cohort effects in men, with higher effects among younger men (25-49 years). Non-significant increasing trends were observed in younger women (25-49 years). CONCLUSIONS: APC analyses from the Mumbai cancer registry indicate a significant linear increase of mouth cancer incidence from 1995 to 2009 in men, which was driven by younger men aged 25-49 years, and a non-significant upward trend in similarly aged younger women. Health promotion efforts should more effectively target younger cohorts.