Effect of artificial eccentric occlusal interferences on masticatory performance: A randomised double-blind clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: Occlusal interferences lead to changes in mandibular kinematics to compensate and improve function. However, the effects of different types of eccentric disturbance on the comminution capacity are not known. OBJECTIVE: To determine the immediate effect of eccentric occlusal interferences on masticatory performance. METHODS: This crossover clinical trial included 12 healthy dentate subjects aged 25.2 ± 3.3 years who were randomly submitted to seven types of occlusal interference: unilateral and bilateral laterotrusive and mediotrusive, protrusive, dummy and control (no interference). The interference forms were planned in a semi-adjustable articulator, fabricated with composite resin and adhered to the mandibular first molars such that subjects' maximum intercuspation was maintained. Masticatory performance and the chewing rate during 20 cycles were evaluated during subjects' comminution of silicone test food under one interference condition per test day; the multiple sieve method was applied to the comminuted particles. The interference was removed upon test completion, and a 1-week washout period was applied between tests. RESULTS: Comminuted median particle sizes were larger under unilateral (4.94 ± 0.41 mm) and bilateral (4.81 ± 0.49 mm) laterotrusive, bilateral mediotrusive (4.65 ± 0.50 mm) and protrusive (4.83 ± 0.54 mm) interferences (p < .05) than under the control (4.01 ± 0.52 mm) and dummy (4.18 ± 0.58 mm) conditions (p < .05). Only unilateral and bilateral laterotrusive interferences narrowed the comminuted particle size dispersion (p < .05). The chewing rate did not differ among conditions (p = .1944). CONCLUSION: Artificial eccentric interferences had an immediate adverse effect on masticatory performance by resulting in larger comminuted particles. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (RBR-8g5zfg8).

Quantitative evaluation of the proximal contact area gap change characterization under intercuspal occlusion by intraoral 3D scanning: Food impaction with tight proximal contact.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to present three indicators that represent the proximal contact area gap change under intercuspal occlusion and to see if and how these indicators influence food impaction with tight proximal contact. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ninety volunteers were recruited for bite force measurement and intraoral scanning. Three-dimensional surface data and buccal bite data were obtained for 60 impacted and 60 non-impacted teeth. The scanning data were imported into the Geomagic Studio 2013 to measure three indicators, which included the gap change maximum (Δdm, µm), the buccolingual position of Δdm (P), and the gap expanded buccolingual range (S, mm). The difference between two groups of three indicators and their relationship with food impaction with tight proximal contact were analyzed by the t test, the Pearson chi-squared test, the nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test, and the binary logistic regression analysis (a = 0.05). RESULTS: All indicators (Δdm, P, and S) were statistically different (p < 0.001, p = 0.002, and p < 0.001) in the impacted and non-impacted groups. Food impaction with tight proximal contact was affected by Δdm and S (p < 0.001, p = 0.039), but not by P (p = 0.409). CONCLUSION: The excessive increase of the gap change maximum and the gap expanded buccolingual range under bite force promoted the occurrence of food impaction with tight proximal contact. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The use of intraoral scanning to measure the characteristics of the proximal contact area gap change under bite force may help to deepen our understanding of the pathogenesis of food impaction with tight proximal contact. Importantly it can provide a reference basis for individualizing and quantifying occlusal adjustment treatment.

Accuracy and reproducibility of real and virtual occlusal contact points in implant-supported fixed prostheses.

AIM: To evaluate the accuracy and reproducibility of real and virtual occlusal contact points in implant-supported, fixed complete dentures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 19 participants using mandibular interim complete-arch fixed prosthesis supported by 3 or 4 implants as opposed to conventional removable complete dentures. At installation, an examiner installed the prostheses and verified the occlusal contact points through 2 methods: recording the real contact points with carbon paper (RC) followed by occlusal photography and intraoral scanning (VC) to record the virtual contact points to obtain a screen print of the software. Then, the two images were randomized to determine the order to be inserted into Microsoft PowerPoint for blind and paired evaluation. The independent variables consisted of the distribution of occlusal contacts points (qualification through pre-defined scores based on the position of the contact points on the surfaces of the teeth) and the reproducibility of the methods by verifying the number of occlusal points. For this, a descriptive analysis was used to evaluate the distribution of occlusal contacts points and the Wilcoxon test for the reproducibility of the occlusal contact points between the methods (p<0.05). RESULTS: The methods had 100% and 73.6% real and virtual occlusal contact points, respectively, which is considered clinically excellent. There was no significant difference regarding the reproducibility of the methods by the number of occlusal contact points (RC: x̅13.32; VC: x̅13.68; p=0.715). CONCLUSION: The use of the tested intraoral scanner can be an easy and fast tool for studying and mapping the occlusion, and storing data for future treatment, with the conventional method being the preferred method for performing the occlusal adjustment.

Efficacy of tooth splinting and occlusal adjustment in patients with periodontitis exhibiting masticatory dysfunction: A systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of tooth splinting (TS) and occlusal adjustment (OA) compared to no TS or OA in patients with periodontitis exhibiting masticatory dysfunction. MATERIAL: The primary outcome criterion was tooth loss (TL), and the secondary outcome parameters were change in probing pocket depth (PPD), change in clinical attachment level (CAL), tooth mobility (TM), and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs). Literature search was performed on three electronic databases (from 01/1965 to 04/2021) and focused on clinical studies with at least 12 months follow-up. RESULTS: From a total of 1515 publications, 51 articles were identified for full-text reading, of which 2 retrospective case series on TS with low risk of bias and 1 randomized and 2 prospective studies on OA with unclear risk of bias were included. For TS, synthesis of data showed that in 72 patients, 26 out of 311 teeth (weighted mean incidence of TL 8.4%) and 156 out of 1541 teeth with no TS (weighted mean incidence of TL 10.1%) were lost over 2 years following non-surgical periodontal therapy. The randomized controlled clinical trial (RCT) indicated CAL gain for teeth with OA compared to no OA. For the effect of OA on TL, PPD, and TM, heterogeneous data were retrieved from the included studies. CONCLUSIONS: Within the limitations of this review and based on a low level of evidence, it is concluded that TS does not improve survival of mobile teeth in patients with advanced periodontitis. OA on teeth with mobility and/or premature contacts may lead to improved CAL, while the effect of OA on the remaining periodontal parameters remains unclear.

Correlation between occlusal contact area at various levels of interocclusal thicknesses and masticatory performance.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to determine the correlation between occlusal contact area and masticatory performance using BiteEye® , a photo occlusal analysis device and the multiple sieve method. OBJECTIVES: To calculate the occlusal contact area at various levels of interocclusal thicknesses and to measure masticatory performance with peanuts as the test material. METHODS: Fifty-two adults (30 men and 22 women) were enrolled according to specific exclusion/inclusion criteria. The occlusal contact area was measured by obtaining the interocclusal record of the maximum intercuspal position (MIP) using silicone impression material. Occlusal contact area measurements were performed in the ranges of 0-149, 0-89, 0-59, 0-29 and 0-9 µm. Masticatory performance was measured by obtaining the median particle size (X 50 ) after converting the weight of comminuted peanuts into size using the multiple sieve method. Statistical analysis was performed at 95% significance level. RESULTS: Interocclusal thickness comparison revealed the highest correlation with X 50 in the 0-149 µm range. Stronger correlations between the occlusal contact area and X 50 were observed in cases of 20 strokes of mastication (r = -.451) than in cases of 10 strokes (r = -.383), in the posterior occlusal contact area (r = -.456) than in the full arch occlusal contact area (r = -.451) and the molar area (r = -.478) than in the premolar area (r = -.296). CONCLUSIONS: The larger the occlusal contact area, the higher the masticatory performance; this correlation was statistically significant. Regarding interocclusal thickness, the highest correlation between the occlusal contact area and masticatory performance was observed in the 0-149 µm range. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: GWNUDH IRB 2020-A001.

Quantitative clinical adjustment analysis of posterior single implant crown in a chairside digital workflow: A randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVES: To compare the three-dimensional changes in quantity and morphology following clinical adjustment of a posterior single implant crown between chairside digital workflow (test) and hybrid digital workflow (control). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 33 participants were included for single-tooth replacement with screw-retained crowns in posterior sites of either the maxillary or mandible. A total of 17 participants were carried to a chairside digital workflow, receiving monolithic lithium disilicate (LS2)-crowns (test), while the remaining 16 participants were fitted with CAD/CAM-fabricated zirconia superstructures and hand-layered ceramic veneering crowns (control). As each crown underwent intraoral scanning (3Shape TRIOS Color, 3Shape), 3D digital models were rendered. These scans were taken both before and after try-in. Clinical adjustment dimensional changes were measured by superimposing the optical scans of models within a reverse software (Geomagic Control 2014). Adjustment counts and amounts (from vertical dimension) between two workflows were assessed and compared. Time consumption was recorded for efficiency analysis. RESULTS: All patients were successfully treated in both groups. The median maximum vertical adjustment (taking both occlusal and interproximal surfaces into consideration) was 237 µm ± 112 in the test group and 485 µm ± 195 in the control group (p < .0001), respectively. The median adjustment count was 2.00 ± 1.09 in test group and 3.00 ± 1.05 in control group (p = .001), respectively. The total active working time/ total time for two workflows was 92.3/113.7 min for the test group and 146.3/676.3 min for the control group, respectively. CONCLUSION: The test group showed fewer adjustments and apparent precision on the occlusal surface compared with the control group with only a fifth of the consumption of a hybrid workflow.

Does a face-bow lead to better occlusion in complete dentures? A randomized controlled trial: part I.

OBJECTIVES: In a double-blinded randomized controlled clinical trial, the impact of face-bow registration for remounting complete dentures (CDs) on the occlusal parameters (part I) was evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: New CDs of 32 patients were duplicated and mounted after intraoral pin registration according to mean settings (group 1) and (group 2) using a face-bow (arbitrary hinge axis). The vertical dimension was reduced to the first occlusal contact point, and a bite record was fabricated in the articulator. The number of contacts and the number of teeth in contact were evaluated by a computer program (laboratory result). After randomization, half of the CDs were adjusted according to protocol of group 1 and group 2 and delivered to the patients. After 3 days (T1) and 84 days (T2), clinical static contact points and teeth in contact were counted. Contact points and teeth in contact of both groups (laboratory results) and at different moments (clinical results) were analyzed statistically with the F test and bootstrapping. RESULTS: Laboratory: No. 2 (face-bow) showed more occlusal contact points than no. 1 (mean setting), p > 0.05. The number of teeth with at least one occlusal contact was significantly higher in no. 2 (p = 0.027). Clinic: The mean number of teeth with at least one clinical contact point was significantly higher in no. 1 (no. 1 = 7.13, no. 2 = 5.31; p = 0.042). Extent of the vertical shift poorly correlated with number of laboratory occlusal contact points (R 2 = 0.017). CONCLUSIONS: Considering the complex multistep study design, a limited number of participants, and referring to one specific arbitrary face-bow, the following conclusion could be drawn: no substantial difference by the use of the arbitrary face-bow compared to a mean setting could be determined, when changing the vertical dimension in the articulator within a remounting procedure of complete dentures. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Further research is necessary to determine the effects of different arbitrary face-bows on the fabrication and adaptation of removable dentures.

Influence of a face-bow on oral health-related quality of life after changing the vertical dimension in the articulator: a randomized controlled trial. Part II.

OBJECTIVES: In a double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial, the impact of face-bow registration for remounting complete dentures (CDs) on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) was evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: New CDs of 32 subjects were clinically remounted using intraoral pin registration. CDs were transferred into a semi-adjustable articulator corresponding to group #1: mean settings with Bonwill triangle and Balkwill angle, and group #2: arbitrary hinge axis with a face-bow registration. After occlusal adjustment, subjects were followed up after 3 (T1) and 84 (T2) days. The primary outcome was the change of OHRQoL by OHIP-G49, while as secondary outcome, mucosal alterations were evaluated over time. Mean values of OHIP-G49 total sum scores and OHIP-dimensions were calculated for baseline (T0) and days 3 (T1) and 84 (T2) after intervention. Based on bootstrapping methods (changes of total OHIP sum score) and the Wilcoxon test (changes of sum scores of OHIP dimensions), analyses of between-group differences were performed. RESULTS: Mean values (MV) of OHIP-G49 sum scores decreased in both groups from T0 (#1 48.56; #2 45.46) to T1 (#1 31.43 (p = 0.012); #2 43.20) and to T2 (#1 29.06; #2 29.40), which represents an improvement in OHRQoL. MV of OHIP-dimension sum scores decreased from T0 to T1 in both groups (#1 seven dimensions; #2 four dimensions); the decrease of sum scores was tested as not statistically significant (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: From the patient's perspective, mean-value-based remounting methods are of value. The use of a face-bow was not perceived as superior. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: From the patient's perspective, remounting of CDs will be positively perceived, irrespective of the use of a face-bow.

Fracture resistance of zirconia-based all-ceramic crowns after bur adjustment.

Intra-oral grinding is often required to optimize occlusion of all-ceramic restorations. The effect of burs of different grit size on the fracture resistance of veneered zirconia crowns was investigated in this study. Forty-eight standardized zirconia copings were produced. The ceramic veneer was designed with a positive ellipsoidal defect on the palatal aspect of the crowns. To simulate adjustment of dental restorations by burs, this palatal defect was removed by use of three different diamond-coated burs with grit sizes 46, 107, or 151 µm (fine, medium, or coarse, respectively). Each different grit size of bur was used to grind 16 crowns. All crowns were then polished and surface roughness was measured. Half of the specimens underwent thermomechanical aging (10,000 thermocycles between 6.5°C and 60°C) and 1.2 million cycles of chewing simulation (F = 108 N). A linear regression model was computed to test the effect of aging and grinding grit size at a level of significance of α = 0.05. Fracture loads increased with decreasing grit size. Grit size and aging had a significant effect on the fracture resistance of the crowns. Use of fine and coarse burs for intra-oral adjustments resulted in different fracture resistance of veneered zirconia crowns. Coarse burs should be avoided in the final stage of grinding before polishing.

The Value of Occlusion in Dentistry: A Clinical Report Showing the Correction of an Anterior Reverse Articulation with Selective Occlusal Adjustment.

The subject of occlusion has been deemphasized by academia over the last 30 years. This marginalization in turn has negatively impacted recent graduates who are largely unfamiliar with the use of occlusal adjustment by selective reshaping as a treatment modality. Use of proper occlusal therapy enables clinicians to more effectively help patients recover from parafunctional wear of the anterior and posterior teeth. In addition, familiarity with this field enhances the correction of progressive posterior and anterior reverse articulations. This article aims to highlight the importance of occlusal principles in treatment planning. In addition, we illustrate the benefits of occlusal adjustment by using a conservative technique, selective reshaping, as an option to correct anterior reverse articulation in a 20-year-old patient. The knowledge of occlusal principles enhances diagnosis of malocclusion in the development of a treatment plan. When properly employed, the technique of occlusal adjustment by selective reshaping may be used to correct an adaptive anterior reverse articulation with a high degree of predictability for select patients.

Quantified diagnostic work-up casts: applications for interdisciplinary treatment planning.

Diagnostic casts that accurately replicate a patient's occlusion are essential for planning comprehensive care and interdisciplinary treatment. These casts can reveal the actual problem in the spatial relationship between the maxilla and the mandible, which may not be apparent on intraoral examination. Duplicate casts can be altered and measured to quantify the extent of the correction necessary for a predictable result. Treatment planning for interdisciplinary cases requires thorough evaluation of the entire problem and solution set as well as coordination of all procedures. Severe problems and invasive treatments require precise treatment planning. This case report illustrates these principles through multiple applications of quantified diagnostic work-up casts for a patient requiring orthognathic surgery, orthodontics, and occlusal adjustment after a mandibular subcondylar fracture.

Occlusal rehabilitation of pseudo-class III patient.

To treat a patient with anterior crossbite, the clinician should first assess if it is a genuine class III or a pseudo-class III malocclusion. Cephalometric analysis is important; however, registering a patient's centric relation (CR) is simple, quick, and costless and can play a decisive role in a differential diagnosis for this type of patient profile. This clinical report depicts a patient clinically diagnosed as class III. After mandible manipulation in CR, it was noted that the patient in question was a pseudo-class III. The treatment was based on the pseudo-class III diagnosis. Therefore, the patient was rehabilitated by occlusal adjustments and conventional and implant-supported prostheses and without the need for invasive orthognathic surgery.

Occlusal contact characteristics of molar teeth with food impaction: Insights from a new digital technique.

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to analyze the occlusal contact characteristics of the food-impacted teeth using a new digital technique. METHODS: A 3D occlusal analysis method was developed for studying the occlusal contact characteristics of teeth affected by food impaction. In this self-controlled study, food-impacted molars from 20 participants constituted the experimental group. The corresponding healthy teeth on the opposite side served as the control group. Variables such as occlusal force (OF), occlusal contact area (OCA), and the number and distribution of occlusal contact points (OCN) in the mesio-distal directions were measured and compared between the two groups. RESULTS: There was no statistical significant difference in the values of OF, OCA and OCN between the food-impacted molars and the healthy control molars (P > 0.05). However, paired T-tests indicated significant difference in the proportion of mesial OF, OCA, and OCN in the second molars of the experimental group (0.22, 0.28 and 0.28, respectively) and the control group (0.66, 0.63, and 0.63 respectively) (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The abnormal distribution of occlusal contacts in the second molar, primarily characterized by excessive occlusal contact in the distal direction may contribute to the occurrence of food impaction. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The present study identified variations in the distribution of occlusal contacts and occlusal component force in food-impacted teeth. These findings can assist dentists in making more targeted occlusal adjustments, or applying other treatment modalities, to effectively address food impaction.

Treatments related to temporomandibular disorders among patients with prevalent types of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome in Sweden.

The aim of this study was to assess the received TMD treatment modalities and the perceived outcome among the frequent types of EDS. A digital questionnaire was sent to the member of the National Swedish EDS Association during January-March 2022. The subsamples of hypermobile and classical EDS were constructed. Almost 90% reported TMD symptoms. Bite splint therapy, counselling, jaw training and occlusal adjustment were reported as the most common treatments with no statistically significant difference in terms of good effect between the two subsamples. Hypermobile and classical EDS might consider as an entity with regards to TMD.

Evaluation of the surface roughness in dental ceramics submitted to different finishing and polishing methods.

Ceramic restorations have been widely used in dentistry. These restorations often require intraoral adjustment with diamond burs after their cementation causing increasing roughness of the ceramic surface. Consequently some finishing and polishing methods have been used to minimize this occurrence. The aim of this study is to evaluate the roughness of the ceramic surfaces submitted to different finishing and polishing methods. 144 specimens of VITAVM(®)7, VM(®)9 and VM(®)13 (VITA Zahnfabrik) ceramics were fabricated and submitted to grinding using diamond burs. They were then divided into 15 groups (five of each ceramic type). Groups 1, 6 and 11-positive control (Glaze); Groups 2, 7 and 12-negative control (no polishing); Groups 3, 8 and 13-polished with abrasive rubbers (Edenta), felt disc and diamond polishing past; Groups 4, 9 and 14-polished with abrasive rubbers (Shofu), felt disc and diamond polishing past; Groups 5, 10 and 15-polished with aluminum oxide discs (Sof-Lex, 3M-ESPE), felt disc and diamond polishing paste. The roughness of the samples surfaces were measured using the rugosimeter Surfcorder SE 1700 and the data were submitted to statistical analysis using ANOVA and Tukey test at a level of significance of 5 %. There was statistically significance difference between the positive control groups and the other groups in all the ceramic types. Mechanical finishing and polishing methods were not able to provide a surface as smooth as the glazed surface for the tested ceramics. To assist dental practitioners to select the best finishing and polishing methods for the final adjustment of the ceramic restorations.

Effect of a novel rotation coordinating device on registered horizontal condylar guidance of nonarcon semi-adjustable articulators.

Background: Horizontal condylar guidance (HCG) is registered by protrusive interocclusal records but in nonarcon articulators, these records can affect the accuracy. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of a novel rotation coordinating device (RCD) on condylar guidance setting with protrusive interocclusal records. Materials and Methods: The study was designed as a comparative in-vitro investigation. Stone maxillary and mandibular casts were mounted on a fully adjustable instrument as the patient. Duplicate casts were mounted on an arcon and a nonarcon articulator with corresponding face bow records and in maximum intercuspation relation. Five different condylar guidance inclinations for both sides (20°, 30°, 40°, 50°, and 60°) were set on the fully adjustable instrument and 16 protrusive interocclusal records were established at each setting. HCG was set for arcon, nonarcon articulators, and nonarcon articulators with RCD. Data were analyzed using one-sample t-test to compare with actual HCG and one-way analysis of variance (α =0.05). Results: Mean HCG for studied articulators was 35.40 for arcon, 30.31 for nonarcon without RCD, and 35.61 for nonarcon with RCD which were significantly different from actual HCG (P < 0.05). HCG of the nonarcon with RCD showed no significant difference with arcon articulator (P = 0.71) while both were significantly different from nonarcon without RCD (P < 0.001). Conclusion: "The RCD" compensates the condylar guidance inclination difference between arcon and nonarcon articulators. The device precisely transfers the hinge movement of the upper member of the articulator to the condylar track.

[The value of an occlusal adjustment: why?, how?, and when? case report]. / El valor de un ajuste oclusal: ¿por qué?, ¿cómo? y ¿cuándo? reporte de caso.

The aim of optimal dentistry is to stabilise the stomatognathic system (teeth, periodontium, muscles and temporomandibular joint). All of these must work in harmony, as together they provide optimal care from diagnosis through planning to treatment. However, many clinicians currently give little importance to the identification of premature contacts and/or interferences prior to any dental treatment, which should be taken into account to provide improved stability in mandibular closure, correct anterior and canine guidance in mandibular movements.This clinical case describes the treatment of a patient with a diagnosis of functional occlusal disorder due to premature contact, whose treatment consisted of an occlusal adjustment by selective wear, following the technique described by the author Klineberg, with the aim of preserving the dental structure as much as possible while maintaining control during the occlusal adjustment and returning the greatest number of symmetrical and pointed contacts.

Occlusion and Temporomandibular Disorders: A Long-Standing Controversy in Dentistry.

The relationship between temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) and occlusion remains controversial. Some authors believe that occlusion is the primary factor in the onset of TMD symptoms, whereas others feel that occlusion has no role in this at all. The majority of reasoning behind causation is based upon anecdotal rather than scientific evidence. Existing evidence in the literature supports the absence of a disease-specific association. This article describes this controversy and provides the reader with findings from contemporary literature.

[Etiology and clinical technology of the food impaction with tight proximal contacts].

Food impaction with tight proximal contacts, also known as kinetic food impaction and food impaction without anatomical structure destruction, is mainly caused by a transient separation in contacts area during mastication. It's an intractable food impaction with high morbidity and low cure rate. There are two kinds of pathogenesis accepted: the shifting of anterior teeth incongruous with adjacent teeth or lack of anterior shifting; lack of food escape grooves. The preferred treatment is occlusal adjustment, but it's difficult to determine the area and extent of selective grinding, to quantify the occlusal adjustment, or to predict the prognosis. This review summarized the pathogenesis and treatment modality for kinetic food impaction in order to provide evidence for future researches and clinical application.

Association between traumatic occlusal forces and periodontitis: A systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: Occlusal adjustment is commonly recommended for patients with periodontitis and traumatic occlusion. The objective of this systematic review was to analyze available evidence for the association between traumatic occlusal forces and periodontitis. METHODS: Two focused questions were proposed: What is the effect of traumatic occlusal forces on periodontal parameters in patients with and without periodontitis? And what is the effect of occlusal interventions on periodontal parameters in patients with periodontitis? A systematic review of clinical and observational studies was performed and presented in narrative form. RESULTS: After title and abstract review a total of 30 articles were retrieved and of these 14 full-text articles were retrieved for analysis. Two RCTs, 1 cohort, 4 retrospective and 7 cross-sectional studies were included. Cross-sectional studies reported a significant association between occlusal discrepancies and probing depth and clinical attachment level. However, the magnitude of the effect is negligible when groups with and without occlusal discrepancies are compared. Intervention studies reported a minimal effect on probing depth and clinical attachment level after occlusal adjustment in patients with periodontitis as compared to teeth without occlusal adjustment. CONCLUSIONS: Available human studies showed that there is limited evidence that traumatic occlusion is associated with periodontitis and to support the implementation of occlusal adjustment to significantly improve the periodontal condition in patients with periodontitis.