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1.
Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue ; 29(8): 755-758, 2023 Aug.
Artigo em Zh | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38619526

RESUMO

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) commonly occurs in middle-aged and elderly men, affecting their physical health while also triggering varying degrees of stigma. This leads to reduced treatment compliance and a lower quality of life for patients. This article elaborates on the conceptual development of stigma, the current state of stigma in BPH patients, sources and impacts of stigma, tools for investigating stigma, and intervention measures. The aim is to enhance medical professionals' understanding of stigma and provide a basis for effective nursing interventions.


Assuntos
Pesquisa em Enfermagem , Hiperplasia Prostática , Idoso , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Humanos , Qualidade de Vida , Cooperação do Paciente
2.
AIDS Res Ther ; 19(1): 26, 2022 06 23.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35739534

RESUMO

We conducted a pilot trial of an intervention targeting intersectional stigma related to being pregnant and living with HIV while promoting capabilities for achieving 'respected motherhood' ('what matters most') in Botswana. A pragmatic design allocated participants to the intervention (N = 44) group and the treatment-as-usual (N = 15) group. An intent-to-treat, difference-in-difference analysis found the intervention group had significant decreases in HIV stigma (d = - 1.20; 95% CI - 1.99, - 0.39) and depressive symptoms (d = - 1.96; 95% CI - 2.89, - 1.02) from baseline to 4-months postpartum. Some, albeit less pronounced, changes in intersectional stigma were observed, suggesting the importance of structural-level intervention components to reduce intersectional stigma.


Assuntos
Infecções por HIV , Botsuana/epidemiologia , Feminino , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Infecções por HIV/terapia , Humanos , Projetos Piloto , Gravidez , Estigma Social
3.
BMC Psychiatry ; 21(1): 108, 2021 02 18.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33602155

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: After decades of anti-stigma initiatives, the Advancing Research To Eliminate Mental Illness Stigma (ARTEMIS) intervention study is one of the first in Singapore to evaluate the effects of an anti-stigma intervention on attitudes towards depression in university students. METHODS: 390 university students from a local university in Singapore were voluntarily recruited for the study. The ARTEMIS intervention comprises an educational and social contact component, as well as a question and answer (Q&A) session with experts in the area of mental health. The Community Attitudes towards Mental Illness (CAMI) scale was administered at baseline, post-intervention and at 3-months follow-up. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted. RESULTS: The CFA identified a 3-factor model for the CAMI with a decent fit (RMSEA = 0.06, CFI = 0.93, TLI = 0.93, SRMR = 0.06). Favourable shifts in attitudes across the factors were observed immediately after the intervention (p <  0.001). Gender (ß = - 1.19, 95% CI: - 2.10, - 0.27, p = 0.01) and nationality (ß = - 1.23, 95% CI: - 2.35, - 0.11, p = 0.03) were identified as significant correlates for the community mental health ideology (CMHI) factor. Linear effects indicated that having a close social contact with mental illness observed a smaller decrease in authoritarianism scores from pre- to post-intervention (ß = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.18, 1.53, p = 0.01); whereas quadratic effects found a greater decrease in scores from post-intervention to after 3-months for benevolence (ß = - 0.34, 95% CI: - 0.52, - 0.16, p <  0.001) and CMHI (ß = - 0.22, 95% CI: - 0.45, - 0.002, p = 0.048). CONCLUSION: The anti-stigma intervention shows promising short-term results across the CAMI dimensions even after adjusting for sociodemographic correlates. However, the intervention did not observe the sustained attitude shifts after 3-months. Recommendations for future anti-stigma interventions were also considered.


Assuntos
Transtornos Mentais , Universidades , Atitude , Estudos Transversais , Depressão , Humanos , Transtornos Mentais/terapia , Singapura , Estigma Social , Estudantes , Inquéritos e Questionários
4.
BMC Public Health ; 21(1): 2124, 2021 11 19.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34798860

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Epidemiological studies show that even in highly developed countries many people with depression do not seek help for their mental health issues, despite promising prevention approaches encouraging people to seek help and reduce self-stigma. Therefore, an anti-stigma intervention study to support help-seeking behaviour will be developed on the basis of the newly explicated "Seeking Mental Health Care Model". METHODS: A quasi-experimental online study will be carried out to assess the effect of different intervention variables relevant for the help-seeking process. The study is conceived as a fractional factorial design. Participants will be screened for depressive complaints (PHQ-9 sum score ≥ 8) and current psychiatric/psychotherapeutic treatment. After baseline assessment the participants will be randomly allocated into one of the 24 study groups receiving different combinations of the vignette-based intervention aiming to reduce stigma and support help-seeking. Next, relevant outcome measures will be administered a second time. In a 3- and 6-month follow-up help-seeking behaviour will be measured. Gamified elements and avatar-choice techniques will be used to heighten study immersion and adherence. DISCUSSION: On the basis of the project results, promising research and intervention perspectives can be developed. Results, firstly, allow for a more detailed empirical investigation and conceptualisation of the stages of mental health care utilisation, as well as an examination of theoretical approaches to stigmatisation. Secondly, our online study could provide insights for an evidence-based design and evaluation of online interventions for people with a mental illness. TRIAL REGISTRATION: German Clinical Trials Register: DRKS00023557 . Registered 11 December 2020. World Health Organization, Universal Trial Number: U1111-1264-9954. Registered 16 February 2021.


Assuntos
Transtornos Mentais , Atitude , Humanos , Transtornos Mentais/terapia , Aceitação pelo Paciente de Cuidados de Saúde , Distribuição Aleatória , Estigma Social , Estereotipagem
5.
J Med Internet Res ; 23(7): e23683, 2021 07 14.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34259636

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Public stigma in mental health often brings various adverse effects on people with mental illness. Researchers have been developing different interventions in combating public stigma. OBJECTIVE: This study investigates the effects of immersive virtual reality (IVR) in reducing the public stigma of mental illness using a single-blinded randomized control trial. METHODS: A pre-post experimental design with a 1-week follow-up was conducted. Participants (N=206) were recruited through the mass mail system of The Chinese University of Hong Kong and randomized into 3 conditions: immersive animation, text, and control. In the immersive animation condition (n=72), participants experienced the simulation of daily life and the stigma experienced as an animated story protagonist with mixed anxiety and depressive disorder with IVR. In the text condition (n=65), participants experienced an identical story to the immersive animation condition with first-person audio narration using the same virtual reality headset. In the control condition (n=69), participants watched a video about planets with IVR. All participants received interventions with a researcher-assisted Oculus Go virtual reality headset. Participants' public stigma was measured through self-administered online questionnaires and compared across conditions and at different time points using repeated measures analysis of variance. Simple and sequential mediation analyses on the relationship of condition (immersive animation vs text) and follow-up public stigma with possible mediators, including sense of embodiment and story transportation, were conducted using PROCESS. RESULTS: Public stigma did not differ significantly across conditions at pre-experiment (P>.99). In the immersive animation and text conditions, public stigma was significantly reduced at postexperiment and at the 1-week follow-up compared to pre-experiment (all with P<.001). Public stigma in the control condition at postexperiment and follow-up remained unchanged compared with pre-experiment (P=.69). Immersive animation had significantly lower public stigma than the control at postexperiment (P=.003) and follow-up (P=.02). Text also had lower public stigma than the control at postexperiment (P=.007) and follow-up (P=.03). However, immersive animation did not significantly differ from text in public stigma at postexperiment and follow-up (both P>.99). In simple mediation models, both sense of embodiment (95% CI -0.22 to 0.46) and story transportation (95% CI -0.18 to 0.00) were not significant mediators. In the sequential mediation model, both sense of embodiment and story transportation were significant sequential mediators. Sense of embodiment was positively associated with story transportation (P<.001), while story transportation was negatively associated with public stigma (P<.001). The indirect effect of the sequential mediation model was significant (95% CI -0.38 to -0.11). CONCLUSIONS: This study provides novel findings and a rigorous comparison in understanding the effects of IVR on public stigma. The findings showed that IVR and text with audio narration performed similarly and significantly in stigma reduction. Sense of embodiment and story transportation were found to be sequentially associated with public stigma reduction. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Centre for Clinical Research and Biostatistics Clinical Trial Registry CUHK_Ccrb00638; https://www2.ccrb.cuhk.edu.hk/registry/public/632.


Assuntos
Transtornos Mentais , Realidade Virtual , Hong Kong , Humanos , Transtornos Mentais/terapia , Saúde Mental , Universidades
6.
AIDS Care ; 32(sup2): 14-22, 2020 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32151146

RESUMO

HIV stigma has long been recognized as a significant barrier in the worldwide fight against HIV. Across cultures, stigma has been shown to cause psychological distress and act as a barrier to engagement in care. Health professionals can serve as a crucial source of HIV stigma, with drivers that include fears and transmission misconceptions and pre-existing negative attitudes towards marginalized groups. To increase their impact, stigma reduction interventions need to be scalable and sustainable as well as adaptable to different cultural contexts. The DriSti intervention was designed to meet these needs through an easily adaptable, mostly tablet-administered, interactive intervention delivered to ward staff (n = 1,557) and nursing students (n = 1,625) in 62 Indian institutions, using a cRCT design, with wait-list controls. Six-month outcome analyses, showed significant reductions in misconceptions (p < .001) and worry about acquiring HIV at work (p < .001). Intervention participants also reported significantly greater reductions in endorsement of coercive policies (p < .001) and in the number of situations in which they intended to discriminate against PLWH (p < .001) than control participants. This brief, scaleable intervention could be adapted for similar populations in the region, using different mHealth platforms and thus has important implications for current global stigma reduction initiatives and training curricula.


Assuntos
Atitude do Pessoal de Saúde , Infecções por HIV/psicologia , Pessoal de Saúde/psicologia , Estigma Social , Estudantes de Enfermagem/psicologia , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Índia , Masculino , Inquéritos e Questionários , Telemedicina
7.
J Community Health ; 44(6): 1204-1213, 2019 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31317439

RESUMO

Healthcare environments are not exempt from the impact of stigma against mental illness and addiction, which contributes to barriers to client access and appropriate treatment. To address this concern, healthcare organizations have a growing interest in mental illness and addiction anti-stigma anti-discrimination programming as part of their staff-wide professional development. Though standard interventions demonstrate effectiveness in the short and mid-term, the evidence for long-term change is inconclusive. A flexible, innovative intervention was developed in collaboration with community health care centres to reduce mental illness and addiction stigma and discrimination at an organizational level. A mixed methods approach was utilized to develop the intervention design and evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention. 137 people participated in the survey component of the study and five senior management staff in interviews. Quantitative results showed that the intervention was effective in changing attitudes toward mental illness (e.g. 5,9% improvement in OMS-HC score, p < 0,05) and substance use problems (e.g. 8.4% reduction in social distance for heroin dependence, p < 0.05). Qualitative findings were positive for indicators of observed improvement in mental health knowledge and behaviour. The implications for future research that allows for the further evaluation of multicomponent anti-stigma interventions in healthcare settings are discussed.


Assuntos
Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde , Transtornos Mentais , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Estigma Social , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias , Centros Comunitários de Saúde , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde/organização & administração , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde/normas , Humanos , Transtornos Mentais/psicologia , Transtornos Mentais/terapia , Projetos Piloto , Atenção Primária à Saúde/organização & administração , Atenção Primária à Saúde/normas , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/psicologia , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/terapia , Inquéritos e Questionários
8.
Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol ; 52(11): 1415-1423, 2017 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28424854

RESUMO

PURPOSE: Stigma has been proposed to be one of the most serious obstacles to successful treatment, rehabilitation and inclusion in society of people with severe mental illness. An aspect of stigma which has been increasingly discussed is self-stigma, which refers to the internalization of negative stereotypes among people with severe mental illness. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of a group-based anti self-stigma intervention, narrative enhancement and cognitive therapy (NECT) as an add-on to treatment as usual, with regard to changes in self-stigma, self-esteem, and subjective quality of life. METHOD: After screening for eligibility 106 participants were included in a randomized controlled trial using a wait-list control group, of which 87 completed the study. Assessments were made at baseline, at termination of the intervention, and at a 6-month follow-up (intervention group only). RESULTS: The results showed that NECT was effective in reducing self-stigma and improving self-esteem compared to treatment as usual only. No differences were shown regarding subjective quality of life. Changes shown in the intervention group at termination of intervention were stable at the 6-month follow-up. A regression analysis showed that there was a positive relationship between exposure to the intervention and reduction of self-stigma. CONCLUSIONS: The conclusion of the present study is that, using a sample size with adequate power, NECT seems to be an effective intervention with regard to diminishing self-stigma and improving self-esteem, and that these improvements were stable at a 6-month follow-up. There was a distinct relationship between number of sessions attended and improvements in self-stigma and self-esteem controlling for confounding factors. This puts attention to the importance of creating a group climate which facilitate and encourage participation through the various phases of the intervention.


Assuntos
Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamental/métodos , Transtornos Mentais/psicologia , Transtornos Mentais/terapia , Narração , Psicoterapia de Grupo/métodos , Autoimagem , Estigma Social , Adulto , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Qualidade de Vida/psicologia , Resultado do Tratamento
9.
Afr J AIDS Res ; 16(3): 203-213, 2017 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28978287

RESUMO

This study sought to explore, describe and determine whether an HIV stigma-reduction community "hub" intervention would change the HIV stigma experiences of people living with HIV (PLWH) and the stigmatisation by the community in an urban area in South Africa. A convergent parallel mixed-method design with a single case pre-test post-test design and an interpretive description approach was utilised. The sample for this study included 62 PLWH recruited through accessibility sampling and 570 community members recruited through random voluntary sampling. A sub-sample of both groups, selected using purposive voluntary sampling, was utilised for the in-depth interviews about stigma experiences of PLWH, and for perceptions and attitudes of the community toward PLWH. Both quantitative and qualitative data showed that stigma is present. Although no statistically significant changes were found, small practically significant changes were demonstrated in the experiences of PLWH and in the perceptions and attitudes of the community. The extent of changes was much more obvious in the responses of the PLWH and the community during their post-intervention qualitative interviews than the changes found with the quantitative measures. This study thus concludes that the HIV stigma-reduction community hub intervention was successful in initiating the onset of changes in a community through the PLWH and people living close to PLWH (PLC) as community mobilisers active in the community hub to mobilise their own communities towards HIV stigma reduction through social change.


Assuntos
Infecções por HIV/psicologia , Estigma Social , Feminino , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Humanos , Masculino , Fatores Socioeconômicos , África do Sul , População Urbana
10.
AIDS Care ; 28(5): 644-52, 2016.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26717980

RESUMO

This pilot study is the first to evaluate stigma-reduction intervention in a healthcare setting in Egypt and in the Middle East and North Africa region. It also contributes to knowledge on how to address stigma in low-HIV prevalence settings. A quasi-experimental study design was used to evaluate the effect of anti-HIV stigma intervention in one hospital in Egypt. A control hospital was selected and matched to the intervention hospital by type, size and location. The intervention focused on HIV-related stigma, infection control and medical ethics. Stigma was measured at baseline and at three months post-intervention. A standardized, 10-point scale was developed to measure stigmatizing attitudes and fear-based stigma among participants. Comparisons of overall and job-stratified stigma scores were made across the intervention and control hospitals, before and after the intervention, using two-sample t-test and multivariate regression analysis. Mean stigma scores did not reveal significant differences between the intervention and control hospitals at baseline. After intervention, the overall value-based and fear-based stigma scores were significantly lower in the intervention hospital compared to the control hospital (2.1 and 1.1 compared to 3.8 and 3.2, respectively; p < .001). Context-specific and culturally appropriate HIV stigma-reduction interventions in low-HIV prevalence settings can reduce fear-based and value-based stigma among physicians and nurses.


Assuntos
Medo , Infecções por HIV/psicologia , Estigma Social , Estereotipagem , Adulto , Atenção à Saúde/organização & administração , Egito/epidemiologia , Feminino , Infecções por HIV/diagnóstico , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Educação em Saúde/métodos , Hospitais , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Projetos Piloto , Prevalência , Desenvolvimento de Programas , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de Saúde
11.
JMIR Res Protoc ; 13: e52106, 2024 Apr 18.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38635983

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: In the global strategy to eliminate leprosy, there remains a need for early case detection to successfully interrupt transmissions. Poor knowledge about leprosy and leprosy-related stigma are key drivers of delayed diagnosis and treatment. Sensitization campaigns to inform and increase awareness among the general population are an integral part of many national neglected tropical disease programs. Despite their importance, the effectiveness of such campaigns has not been rigorously studied in the West African context. A multilingual rural setting with low health literacy in this region presents challenges to the potential impact of sensitization campaigns. OBJECTIVE: The primary objective of this study is to assess the causal effect of common practice community sensitization campaigns on leprosy-related knowledge and stigma at the community level and among community health volunteers. Additionally, we will test the potential of novel educational audio tools in the 15 most prominent local languages to overcome literacy and language barriers and amplify sensitization campaigns. METHODS: We will conduct a cluster randomized controlled trial using a sequential mixed methods approach in 60 rural communities across all regions of Togo, West Africa. The study features 2 intervention arms and 1 control arm, with intervention and control assignments made at the community level through randomization. Communities in intervention arm 1 will receive a sensitization campaign in line with the current Togolese national neglected tropical disease program. Communities in intervention arm 2 will receive the same sensitization campaign along with educational audio tools distributed to community households. The control arm will receive no intervention before data collection. Quantitative outcome measures on knowledge and stigma will be collected from a random sample of 1200 individuals. Knowledge will be assessed using the 9-item standardized Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Questionnaire. Stigma will be measured using the 7-item Social Distance Scale and the 15-item Explanatory Model Interview Catalogue Community Stigma Scale. We will estimate intention-to-treat effects at the individual level, comparing the outcomes of the intervention and control arms. In an accompanying qualitative component, we will conduct in-depth interviews with community members, community health volunteers, and health care workers in both treatment arms and the control arm to explore intervention and stigma-related experiences. RESULTS: This paper describes and discusses the protocol for a mixed methods cluster randomized controlled trial. Data collection is planned to be completed in June 2024, with ongoing data analysis. The first results are expected to be submitted for publication by the end of 2024. CONCLUSIONS: This trial will be among the first to test the causal effectiveness of community-based sensitization campaigns and audio tools to increase knowledge and reduce leprosy-related stigma. As such, the results will inform health policy makers, decision-makers, and public health practitioners designing sensitization campaigns in rural multilingual settings. TRIAL REGISTRATION: German Clinical Trials Register DRKS00029355; https://drks.de/search/en/trial/DRKS00029355. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): DERR1-10.2196/52106.

12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34026241

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND STUDY OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to assess among Ukrainian adults: (1) knowledge of mental disorders; (2) attitudes towards people with mental health disorders, and to the delivery of mental health treatment within the community; and (3) behaviours towards people with mental disorders. METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional survey of Ukrainian adults aged 18-60 was conducted. Stigma-related mental health knowledge was measured using the mental health knowledge schedule. Attitude towards people with mental health disorders was assessed using the Community Attitudes towards Mental Illness scale. The Reported and Intended Behaviour scale was used to assess past and future intended behaviour towards people with mental health disorders. RESULTS: Associations between gender, age, and educational level and the knowledge and attitudes measures were identified. There was evidence of a positive association between being male and positive intended behaviours towards people with mental health disorders [mean difference (MD) = 0.509, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.021-0.998]. Older age was negatively associated with positive intended behaviours towards people with mental health disorders (MD = -0.017, 95% CI 0.0733 to -0.001). Higher education was positively associated with stigma-related mental health knowledge (MD = 0.438, 95% CI 0.090-0.786), and negatively associated with authoritarian (MD = 0.755, 95% CI 0.295-1.215) attitudes towards people with mental health problems. CONCLUSION: Overall, the findings indicate a degree of awareness of, and compassion towards, people with mental illness among Ukrainian adults, although this differed according to gender, region, and education level. Results indicate a need for the adoption and scaling-up of anti-stigma interventions that have been demonstrated to be effective.

13.
Front Psychiatry ; 12: 582730, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34054591

RESUMO

Background: The SMHS 2016 revealed that young adults in Singapore had the highest 12-month prevalence of mental disorders, with depression being the most prevalent condition. Additionally, the study found that those with higher education were less likely to seek treatment. The recognition of mental illness and knowledge of where to seek help has been found to influence one's ability to seek timely psychological help. This study thus aims to evaluate the effects of ARTEMIS, an education and contact intervention on university students' recognition of depression and help-seeking preference. Methods: A total of 390 university students were recruited over a period of 6-months (October 2018 to April 2019). Students had to attend a one-off intervention which comprised a lecture on depression and personal contact with a person with lived experience of mental illness. Recognition of depression and help-seeking preference were assessed using a vignette approach, at pre- and post-intervention as well as at 3-month follow-up. Results: The intervention was effective at improving student's recognition of depression and this effect was sustained at 3-months follow-up. The intervention was also effective in shifting student's help-seeking preference, although the effects were not sustained at 3-month follow-up. Having a close friend or family with mental illness was associated with better recognition, and being able to correctly recognize depression was linked to a preference to seek psychiatric over non-psychiatric help. Conclusion: This study elucidated the efficacy of a knowledge-contact-based intervention in improving university students' recognition of depression and help-seeking preference. However, while the benefits on recognition of depression is more enduring, it is more transient for help-seeking beliefs, and booster sessions may be needed to improve the long-term effectiveness of the intervention on help-seeking preference. Lastly, to investigate the generalizability of this study's findings, future studies could replicate the current one across other non-self-selected samples, such as by integrating the intervention as part of student's orientation.

14.
J Public Health Res ; 9(4): 1883, 2020 Oct 14.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33381470

RESUMO

Background: Stigma is one of the main factors causing pasung (physical restraint or confinement in Indonesian terms) in schizophrenia patients. It is the main obstacle to reducing the number of pasung throughout the world. Thus, there is a need for appropriate interventions to reduce stigma in schizophrenia patients who go through pasung. This study aims to identify multilevel stigma interventions in people with schizophrenia who go through pasung (physical restraint and confinement). It can be applied and adapted to various cultural contexts. Design and Methods: Quasi-experimental research with pretest and post-test analysis consists of 82 people with schizophrenia who go through pasung. Respondents were divided into the intervention group and the control group. A multilevel stigma intervention was given to the intervention group for three months. Results: There was a significant difference in the average stigma score in the control group (moderate category stigma) and the intervention group (mild category stigma) after multilevel stigma intervention (p-value = 0.04). The average stigma score of schizophrenia patients in the intervention group decreased by 8.2%, while the average stigma score in the control group increase of 20.4%. Conclusions: Multilevel stigma interventions are effective in reducing stigma in people with schizophrenia who go through pasung. We underline that multilevel stigma interventions through collaboration from various parties can provide great opportunities in stigma reduction programs in people with schizophrenia who go through pasung.

15.
Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw ; 23(1): 41-51, 2020 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31976769

RESUMO

Public stigma associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) commonly stems from judgments surrounding sensory overload symptoms. As individuals try and make sense of observed disordered behaviors of those with ASD, they are quick to develop dispositional attributions instead of acknowledging situational instigators. Interventions aimed at educating the lay public that disordered actions are a result of a biological causes have been successful in lessening perceptions of responsibility, yet foster an out-group perspective allowing prejudice attitudes and discriminatory behaviors to persist. The present study examines the short-term effectiveness of engagement with a virtual simulation, Auti-Sim, to combat stigma by giving lay people a first-person experience of sensory overload. To assess Auti-Sim, a between-subject, in-laboratory experimental design was employed. A total of 123 undergraduate students were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 interventions (virtual simulation engagement, observation of simulation engagement, or reading text vignettes). Participants completed a brief pretest questionnaire, encountered the intervention, and then completed a post-test questionnaire. Engagement with the virtual simulation resulted in heightened perspective taking, which subsequently increased emotional concern, helping intentions, and willingness to volunteer compared with the observation only or text vignette intervention. Positive attitudes toward those with ASD did not differ across interventions. Fostering a different understanding of disordered action through a virtual simulation has the potential to elicit perspective taking and subsequent empathetic outcomes. Perspective taking seems to encourage perceptions of in-group belonging rather than out-group categorization and thus might be a desired outcome for stigma-reducing efforts.


Assuntos
Atitude , Transtorno do Espectro Autista/psicologia , Estigma Social , Estudantes/psicologia , Realidade Virtual , Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto Jovem
16.
Schizophr Res ; 175(1-3): 193-197, 2016 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27177807

RESUMO

In Japan, schizophrenia was renamed in 2002 to reduce the stigma that people with schizophrenia are dangerous. However there has been little research on the potential anti-stigma effect of renaming. The present study aimed to examine whether portrayals of schizophrenia in newspapers as dangerous have been varied across renaming of the disease. To achieve this goal, newspaper articles containing the previous and new Japanese names for schizophrenia, published in the decades before and after the renaming, were identified through the database of the three largest Japanese national broadsheets. Identified articles were divided into two categories: a negative category, including a subcategory "danger"; and a positive category. Articles containing bipolar disorder were adopted as a control. The ratio of the number of articles on schizophrenia and danger to that of bipolar disorder was analysed as a variable of interest. The trend of this ratio was investigated to examine whether portrayals of schizophrenia changed after renaming. The search identified 4677 articles on schizophrenia, 53.0% of which were categorised as negative and 38.9% as danger. The search identified 525 articles on bipolar disorder, 24.6% of which were categorised as negative and 11.2% as danger. There was an increase of the ratio before schizophrenia was renamed (r=0.54, p=0.104), and a significant decrease after renaming (r=-0.69, p=0.028). Fisher's r-to-z transformation demonstrated a significant change in the trend of the ratio across renaming (Z=2.72, p=0.007). Renaming schizophrenia might be associated with mitigation in potentially stigmatised depiction of schizophrenia associated with violence in newspaper reports.


Assuntos
Jornais como Assunto/tendências , Esquizofrenia , Transtorno Bipolar , Humanos , Japão , Variações Dependentes do Observador , Estudos Retrospectivos , Percepção Social , Estigma Social , Terminologia como Assunto
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