Productive scientists are associated with lower disruption in scientific publishing.

While scientific researchers often aim for high productivity, prioritizing the quantity of publications may come at the cost of time and effort dedicated to individual research. It is thus important to examine the relationship between productivity and disruption for individual researchers. Here, we show that with the increase in the number of published papers, the average citation per paper will be higher yet the mean disruption of papers will be lower. In addition, we find that the disruption of scientists' papers may decrease when they are highly productive in a given year. The disruption of papers in each year is not determined by the total number of papers published in the author's career, but rather by the productivity of that particular year. Besides, more productive authors also tend to give references to recent and high-impact research. Our findings highlight the potential risks of pursuing productivity and aim to encourage more thoughtful career planning among scientists.

Environmental influences on the pace of brain development.

Childhood socio-economic status (SES), a measure of the availability of material and social resources, is one of the strongest predictors of lifelong well-being. Here we review evidence that experiences associated with childhood SES affect not only the outcome but also the pace of brain development. We argue that higher childhood SES is associated with protracted structural brain development and a prolonged trajectory of functional network segregation, ultimately leading to more efficient cortical networks in adulthood. We hypothesize that greater exposure to chronic stress accelerates brain maturation, whereas greater access to novel positive experiences decelerates maturation. We discuss the impact of variation in the pace of brain development on plasticity and learning. We provide a generative theoretical framework to catalyse future basic science and translational research on environmental influences on brain development.

Gender imbalances among top-cited scientists across scientific disciplines over time through the analysis of nearly 5.8 million authors.

We evaluated how the gender composition of top-cited authors within different subfields of research has evolved over time. We considered 9,071,122 authors with at least 5 full papers in Scopus as of September 1, 2022. Using a previously validated composite citation indicator, we identified the 2% top-cited authors for each of 174 science subfields (Science-Metrix classification) in 4 separate publication age cohorts (first publication pre-1992, 1992 to 2001, 2002 to 2011, and post-2011). Using NamSor, we assigned 3,784,507 authors as men and 2,011,616 as women (for 36.1% gender assignment uncertain). Men outnumbered women 1.88-fold among all authors, decreasing from 3.93-fold to 1.36-fold over time. Men outnumbered women 3.21-fold among top-cited authors, decreasing from 6.41-fold to 2.28-fold over time. In the youngest (post-2011) cohort, 32/174 (18%) subfields had > = 50% women, 97/174 (56%) subfields had > = 30% women, and 3 subfields had = <10% women among the top-cited authors. Gender imbalances in author numbers decreased sharply over time in both high-income countries (including the United States of America) and other countries, but the latter had little improvement in gender imbalances for top-cited authors. In random samples of 100 women and 100 men from the youngest (post-2011) cohort, in-depth assessment showed that most were currently (April 2023) working in academic environments. 32 women and 44 men had some faculty appointment, but only 2 women and 2 men were full professors. Our analysis shows large heterogeneity across scientific disciplines in the amelioration of gender imbalances with more prominent imbalances persisting among top-cited authors and slow promotion pathways even for the most-cited young scientists.

A network-based normalized impact measure reveals successful periods of scientific discovery across discipline.

The impact of a scientific publication is often measured by the number of citations it receives from the scientific community. However, citation count is susceptible to well-documented variations in citation practices across time and discipline, limiting our ability to compare different scientific achievements. Previous efforts to account for citation variations often rely on a priori discipline labels of papers, assuming that all papers in a discipline are identical in their subject matter. Here, we propose a network-based methodology to quantify the impact of an article by comparing it with locally comparable research, thereby eliminating the discipline label requirement. We show that the developed measure is not susceptible to discipline bias and follows a universal distribution for all articles published in different years, offering an unbiased indicator for impact across time and discipline. We then use the indicator to identify science-wide high impact research in the past half century and quantify its temporal production dynamics across disciplines, helping us identifying breakthroughs from diverse, smaller disciplines, such as geosciences, radiology, and optics, as opposed to citation-rich biomedical sciences. Our work provides insights into the evolution of science and paves a way for fair comparisons of the impact of diverse contributions across many fields.

A gender perspective on the global migration of scholars.

Although considerable progress toward gender equality in science has been made in recent decades, female researchers continue to face significant barriers in the academic labor market. International mobility has been increasingly recognized as a strategy for scientists to expand their professional networks, and that could help narrow the gender gap in academic careers. Using bibliometric data on over 33 million Scopus publications, we provide a global and dynamic view of gendered patterns of transnational scholarly mobility, as measured by volume, distance, diversity, and distribution, from 1998 to 2017. We find that, while female researchers continued to be underrepresented among internationally mobile researchers and migrate over shorter distances, this gender gap was narrowing at a faster rate than the gender gap in the population of general active researchers. Globally, the origin and destination countries of both female and male mobile researchers became increasingly diversified, which suggests that scholarly migration has become less skewed and more globalized. However, the range of origin and destination countries continued to be narrower for women than for men. While the United States remained the leading academic destination worldwide, the shares of both female and male scholarly inflows to that country declined from around 25% to 20% over the study period, partially due to the growing relevance of China. This study offers a cross-national measurement of gender inequality in global scholarly migration that is essential for promoting gender-equitable science policies and for monitoring the impact of such interventions.

The first six years of meta-research at PLOS Biology.

Meta-research involves the interrogation of every stage of the research lifecycle, from conception to publication and dissemination. Looking back over the first six years of PLOS Biology Meta-Research Articles highlights the important insights that can be obtained from such "research on research".

Transmission dynamics, complications and mitigation strategies of the current mpox outbreak: A comprehensive review with bibliometric study.

As the mankind counters the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), it simultaneously witnesses the emergence of mpox virus (MPXV) that signals at global spread and could potentially lead to another pandemic. Although MPXV has existed for more than 50 years now with most of the human cases being reported from the endemic West and Central African regions, the disease is recently being reported in non-endemic regions too that affect more than 50 countries. Controlling the spread of MPXV is important due to its potential danger of a global spread, causing severe morbidity and mortality. The article highlights the transmission dynamics, zoonosis potential, complication and mitigation strategies for MPXV infection, and concludes with suggested 'one health' approach for better management, control and prevention. Bibliometric analyses of the data extend the understanding and provide leads on the research trends, the global spread, and the need to revamp the critical research and healthcare interventions. Globally published mpox-related literature does not align well with endemic areas/regions of occurrence which should ideally have been the scenario. Such demographic and geographic gaps between the location of the research work and the endemic epicentres of the disease need to be bridged for greater and effective translation of the research outputs to pubic healthcare systems, it is suggested.

The past, present, and future of tumour deposits in colorectal cancer: Advancing staging for improved prognosis and treatment decision-making.

Tumour deposits (TDs) significantly impact colorectal cancer (CRC) prognosis. Integrating TDs into the TNM staging system can enhance individualized disease management. Keeping abreast of evolving TDs research is pivotal for clinical advancement. We comprehensively reviewed both recent and popular literature to grasp the field's essence. Subsequently, a data retrieval sourced articles on TDs in CRC for bibliometric analysis, spanning from 1 January 1935 to 30 April 2023. Bibliometrix software facilitated paper analysis and visualization. Bibliometric indicators, the trends and hotspots were determined. A total of 2147 articles were successfully retrieved. Brown G emerged as the most productive author, and the USA as the most prolific country. Central South University and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center led productivity. Bradford's law categorized 48 journals into zone 1. Keywords co-occurrence analysis identified three main clusters: the application of TDs in TNM staging, the pathogenesis of TDs, and the assessment of TDs. The trend topic analysis highlighted research focused on refining TDs incorporation into tumour staging. TDs wield enduring medical significance, shaping ongoing research. Much literature focused on confirming TD's prognostic value and optimizing TNM integration. Additionally, it is worth highlighting that TD's enigmatic pathogenesis demands research priority, as it holds the potential to unveil concealed knowledge regarding their development.

Global trends in PANoptosis research: bibliometrics and knowledge graph analysis.

PANoptosis has recently been discovered as a new type of cell death. PANoptosis mainly refers to the significant interaction among the three programmed cell death pathways of apoptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis. Despite this, only a few studies have examined the systematic literature in this area. By analyzing the bibliometric data for PANoptosis, we can visualize the current hotspots and predicted trends in research. This study analyzed bibliometric indicators using the Histcite Pro 2.0 tool, which searches the Web of Science for PANoptosis literature published between 2016 and 2022. A bibliometric analysis was performed using Histcite Pro 2.0, while research trends and hotspots were visualized using VOSviewer, CiteSpace and BioBERT. The output of related literature was low in the four years from the first presentation of PANoptosis in 2016 to 2020. The volume of relevant literature grew exponentially between 2020 and 2022. The United States and China play a leading role in this field. Although China started late, its research in this field is developing rapidly. As research progressed, more focus was placed on the relationship between PANoptosis and pyroptosis, as well as apoptosis and necrosis. Now is a rapid development stage of PANoptosis research. Most of the research focuses on the cellular level, and the focus is more on the treatment of tumor-related diseases. The current focus of this area is PANoptosis mechanisms in cancer and inflammation. It can be seen from the burst analysis of keywords that caspase1 and host defense have consistently been research hotspots in the field of PANoptosis, while the frequency of NLRC4, causes of autoinflammation, recognition, NLRP3, and Gasdermin D has gradually increased, all of which have become research hotspots in recent years. Finally, we used the BioBERT biomedical language model to mine the most documented genes and diseases in the PANoptosis field articles, pointing out the direction for subsequent research steps. According to a bibliometric analysis, researchers have shown an increased interest in PANoptosis over the past few years. Researchers initially focused on the molecular mechanism of PANoptosis and pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis. The role of PANoptosis in diseases and conditions such as inflammation and tumors is one of the current research hotspots in this area. The focus is more on treating inflammation-related diseases, which will become the key development direction of future research.

A bibliometric and knowledge-map analysis of anoikis from 2003 to 2022.

This analysis covers 4494 anoikis-related publications (2003-2022). It explores annual trends, top countries, core journals, leading institutions, keywords, references, authors, and collaborations. Key findings include the United States leading in publications, Chulalongkorn University as the top institution, and Oncogene as the most prolific journal. The Journal of Biological Chemistry holds the highest influence. Burst keywords like "signal transduction," "apoptosis resistance," "metabolism," and "tumor microenvironment" highlight emerging research areas. This study offers a comprehensive overview, aiding researchers in grasping anoikis research trends, contributors, and prospects.

The Lancet 1823-2023: the best science for better lives.

The Lancet celebrates its 200th anniversary in 2023. In this survey of the journal's history, we explore how it has contributed to shaping medicine both in the UK and internationally, and how it has demonstrated a commitment to "The best science for better lives". For two centuries, the journal has published pioneering articles on key developments in medical science and the organisation of health care. We explore the campaigning and advocacy work of the journal through several indicative areas where science and policy meet, balancing national and global themes over the 19th and 20th centuries. Themes include the raising of professional standards; environmental health in urbanising Britain; the transformation of surgery; the emergence of tropical medicine; the science and politics of vaccination; the advance towards universal health coverage; and the transition from international to global health. In the imperial era, both the journal's research reports and editorial stance were sometimes inflected with colonial attitudes, although it consistently presented medicine as an international endeavour. The Lancet's blend of science and advocacy demonstrates a track record of campaigning for medicine in the cause of social betterment.

Bibliometric review of ATAC-Seq and its application in gene expression.

With recent advances in high-throughput next-generation sequencing, it is possible to describe the regulation and expression of genes at multiple levels. An assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing (ATAC-seq), which uses Tn5 transposase to sequence protein-free binding regions of the genome, can be combined with chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled with deep sequencing (ChIP-seq) and ribonucleic acid sequencing (RNA-seq) to provide a detailed description of gene expression. Here, we reviewed the literature on ATAC-seq and described the characteristics of ATAC-seq publications. We then briefly introduced the principles of RNA-seq, ChIP-seq and ATAC-seq, focusing on the main features of the techniques. We built a phylogenetic tree from species that had been previously studied by using ATAC-seq. Studies of Mus musculus and Homo sapiens account for approximately 90% of the total ATAC-seq data, while other species are still in the process of accumulating data. We summarized the findings from human diseases and other species, illustrating the cutting-edge discoveries and the role of multi-omics data analysis in current research. Moreover, we collected and compared ATAC-seq analysis pipelines, which allowed biological researchers who lack programming skills to better analyze and explore ATAC-seq data. Through this review, it is clear that multi-omics analysis and single-cell sequencing technology will become the mainstream approach in future research.

A missed opportunity: A scoping review of the effect of sex and age on osteoarthritis using large animal models.

OBJECTIVE: The objective was to critically analyze the published literature accounting for sex differences and skeletal age (open vs. closed physis) in preclinical animal models of OA, including the disaggregation of data by sex and skeletal maturity when data is generated from combined sex and/or multi-aged cohorts without proper confounding. METHOD: A scoping literature review of PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and SCOPUS was performed for studies evaluating the effect of sex and age in experimental studies and clinical trials utilizing preclinical large animal models of OA. RESULTS: A total of 9727 papers were identified in large animal (dog, pig, sheep, goat, horse) models for preclinical OA research, of which 238 ex vivo and/or in vivo studies disclosed model type, animal species, sex, and skeletal age sufficient to analyze their effect on outcomes. Dogs, followed by pigs, sheep, and horses, were the most commonly used models. A paucity of preclinical studies evaluated the effect of sex and age in large animal models of naturally occurring or experimentally induced OA: 26 total studies reported some kind of analysis of the effects of sex or age, with 4 studies discussing the effects of sex only, 11 studies discussing the effects of age only, and 11 studies analyzing both the effects of age and sex. CONCLUSION: Fundamental to translational research, OARSI is uniquely positioned to develop recommendations for conducting preclinical studies using large animal models of OA that consider biological mechanisms linked to sex chromosomes, skeletal age, castration, and gonadal hormones affecting OA pathophysiology and treatment response.

Bibliometric analysis of Traditional Chinese Medicine nanoparticles research from 2005 to 2023.

To gain a deeper understanding of the current status of research on Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and nanoparticles, we conducted a bibliometric study. We conducted a literature search in the Web of Science (WOS) for publications related to TCM and nanoparticles from 1992 to 2023. The data, including countries of publication, research institutions, journals, citations, and keywords, were analyzed using the Bibliometrix R-4.0 software package. We performed an analysis to identify the co-occurrence of keywords in the documents including their titles and abstracts. From 2005 to 2023, a total of 309 publications were included, with an average annual growth rate of 4.25%. The majority of these publications were published in Q1 journals (72, 47.06%) and Q2 journals (45, 29.41%). Among the 309 publications, 22 articles (7.12%) had an impact factor greater than 10, while 78 articles (25.24%) had an impact factor greater than 5. The analysis of international collaboration networks revealed limited international cooperation, with most collaborations occurring between institutions in China, the United States, and Australia. These 309 publications involved a total of 438 research institutions, with Chinese research institutions being the most prolific contributors. In this study, a total of 309 publications were included, comprising 1142 author keywords and 1175 keywords plus. Factor analysis of the 1175 keywords plus revealed that they could be grouped into five categories: one category included terms such as "oxide" and "zinc," another category included terms like "lipid" and "acid," a third category included terms such as "improve" and "enhance," a fourth category included terms like "silica" and "mesoporous," and the fifth category included terms like "PLGA" and "immune." Research on nanoparticles in TCM has been gradually gaining popularity. Currently, most of the research in this field is conducted in China, with limited international collaboration. The majority of TCM nanoparticle research focuses on individual herbal compounds, while research on nanoparticle formulations of traditional herbal prescriptions is relatively scarce.

Research Trends in the Relationship Between Orofacial Cleft and Cancer: A Bibliometric and Network Visualization Study.

OBJECTIVE: To use the bibliographic data of publications regarding the association between orofacial cleft (OC) and cancer to examine the implications of publication growth, co-citation, co-words, and authorship networks using bibliometric indicators and network visualization. METHODS: Bibliometric study analyzed documents related to the association between OC and cancer. Data were obtained in October 2023 from the Scopus, Pubmed, Web of Science. The search strategy was developed, and data obtained were imported into R ("bibliometrix") for analysis. Results: 70 documents were found from 1977 to 2023. Most were journal articles (90.0%) designed as case-control studies (42.8%). American Journal of Epidemiology was the most relevant source. The most cited document was Frebourg T, et al. (2006). Vieira A, Martelli-Junior were the most cited author. Most authors were affiliated to Brazil (University of Montes Claros) and United States (University of Pittsburgh). Research in this thematic has included children and adults of both sexes. Research trend points to gastric cancer, leukemia and breast cancer as the most investigated cancers in association to OC. CONCLUSION: This bibliometric analysis helps fill research gaps regarding the knowledge of the relationship between OC and cancer, providing some clues for selecting future research in this topic.

Analysis of publications regarding the association between orofacial cleft and cancer highlighted: The majority of publications as journal articles (90.0%) designed as case­control studies (42.8%).American Journal of Epidemiology was the most relevant source.The most global cited documents were Frebourg T, et al. (2006).Vieira A, Martelli-Junior was the top author of the published literature and the most local cited author.Most of the authors were mainly affiliated to Universities from Brazil (University of Montes Claros) and United States (University of Pittsburgh).Motor themes of study include genetic association studies, investigating single nucleotides polymorphisms shared by OC and cancer types.Research in this thematic has included children and adults of both sexes. Research trend points to gastric cancer, leukemia and breast cancer as the most investigated cancers in association to OC.

Global research landscape on the contribution of de novo mutations to human genetic diseases over the past 20 years: bibliometric analysis.

As the contribution of de novo mutations (DNMs) to human genetic diseases has been gradually uncovered, analyzing the global research landscape over the past 20 years is essential. Because of the large and rapidly increasing number of publications in this field, understanding the current landscape of the contribution of DNMs in the human genome to genetic diseases remains a challenge. Bibliometric analysis provides an approach for visualizing these studies using information in published records in a specific field. This study aimed to illustrate the current global research status and explore trends in the field of DNMs underlying genetic diseases. Bibliometric analyses were performed using the Bibliometrix Package based on the R language version 4.1.3 and CiteSpace version 6.1.R2 software for publications from 2000 to 2021 indexed under the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) about DNMs underlying genetic diseases on 17 September 2022. We identified 3435 records, which were published in 731 journals by 26,538 authors from 6052 institutes in 66 countries. There was an upward trend in the number of publications since 2013. The USA, China, and Germany contributed the majority of the records included. The University of Washington, Columbia University, and Baylor College of Medicine were the top-producing institutions. Evan E Eichler of the University of Washington, Stephan J Sanders of the Yale University School of Medicine, and Ingrid E Scheffer of the University of Melbourne were the most high-ranked authors. Keyword co-occurrence analysis suggested that DNMs in neurodevelopmental disorders and intellectual disabilities were research hotspots and trends. In conclusion, our data show that DNMs have a significant effect on human genetic diseases, with a noticeable increase in annual publications over the last 5 years. Furthermore, potential hotspots are shifting toward understanding the causative role and clinical interpretation of newly identified or low-frequency DNMs observed in patients.