RESUMO
Cisplatin (CIS) is a platinum-derived chemotherapeutic agent commonly utilized in the treatment of various malignant tumours. However, anticancer doses of the drug cause serious damage to the brain. This study aimed to determine the potential protective effects of tangeretin, which has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, in cisplatin-induced neurotoxicity on BALB/c mice brains. Male BALB/c mice were randomized and separated into four groups. Tangeretin was given for 10 days by gavage. CIS was injected as a single dose of 10 mg/kg intraperitoneally (ip) on the 10th day. Brain tissues, malondialdehyde (MDA), total glutathione (tGSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and nitric oxide (NO) levels were measured to determine oxidative damage and myeloperoxidase, tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1ß), IL-6 and IL-10 were measured to determine inflammatory activity. In addition, 8-OHdG and caspase-3 were analysed by immunofluorescence methods. While CIS administration remarkably elevated reactive oxygen species, MDA, and NO levels in brain tissue compared to the control, tGSH, GPx, SOD and CAT levels were significantly decreased. Also, it has been detected that TNF-α, IL-1ß and IL-6 obtained in CIS-treated groups increased as well as IL-10 decreased, thereby elevating the inflammatory response. In addition, 8-OHdG and caspase-3 immunoreactivity in neurons increased with CIS administration. Treatment with tangeretin ameliorated the deterioration in oxidant/antioxidant status, overpowered neuroinflammation and ameliorated neurotoxicity-induced apoptosis. This study shows that tangeretin has beneficial effects on CIS-induced neurodegeneration. Possible mechanisms underlying these beneficial effects include the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of tangeretin.
Assuntos
Encéfalo , Cisplatino , Flavonas , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Estresse Oxidativo , Animais , Cisplatino/efeitos adversos , Cisplatino/farmacologia , Masculino , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Encéfalo/efeitos dos fármacos , Encéfalo/patologia , Flavonas/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Camundongos , Ratos , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Malondialdeído/metabolismo , Glutationa Peroxidase/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismo , Citocinas/metabolismo , Glutationa/metabolismoRESUMO
Autoantibodies to malondialdehyde (MDA) proteins constitute a subset of anti-modified protein autoantibodies in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), which is distinct from citrulline reactivity. Serum anti-MDA IgG levels are commonly elevated in RA and correlate with disease activity, CRP, IL6, and TNF-α. MDA is an oxidation-associated reactive aldehyde that together with acetaldehyde mediates formation of various immunogenic amino acid adducts including linear MDA-lysine, fluorescent malondialdehyde acetaldehyde (MAA)-lysine, and intramolecular cross-linking. We used single-cell cloning, generation of recombinant antibodies (n = 356 from 25 donors), and antigen-screening to investigate the presence of class-switched MDA/MAA+ B cells in RA synovium, bone marrow, and bronchoalveolar lavage. Anti-MDA/MAA+ B cells were found in bone marrow plasma cells of late disease and in the lung of both early disease and risk-individuals and in different B cell subsets (memory, double negative B cells). These were compared with previously identified anti-MDA/MAA from synovial memory and plasma cells. Seven out of eight clones carried somatic hypermutations and all bound MDA/MAA-lysine independently of protein backbone. However, clones with somatic hypermutations targeted MAA cross-linked structures rather than MDA- or MAA-hapten, while the germline-encoded synovial clone instead bound linear MDA-lysine in proteins and peptides. Binding patterns were maintained in germline converted clones. Affinity purification of polyclonal anti-MDA/MAA from patient serum revealed higher proportion of anti-MAA versus anti-MDA compared to healthy controls. In conclusion, IgG anti-MDA/MAA show distinct targeting of different molecular structures. Anti-MAA IgG has been shown to promote bone loss and osteoclastogenesis in vivo and may contribute to RA pathogenesis.
Assuntos
Artrite Reumatoide , Linfócitos B , Humanos , Acetaldeído/metabolismo , Artrite Reumatoide/imunologia , Artrite Reumatoide/patologia , Autoanticorpos , Medula Óssea/metabolismo , Imunoglobulina G/metabolismo , Pulmão/metabolismo , Lisina/metabolismo , Malondialdeído/metabolismo , Linfócitos B/imunologia , Linfócitos B/patologia , AutoimunidadeRESUMO
Salt stress is one of the major factors limiting plant growth and productivity. Many studies have shown that serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT) gene play an important role in growth, development and stress response in plants. However, to date, there have been few studies on whether SHMT3 can enhance salt tolerance in plants. Therefore, the effects of overexpression or silencing of CsSHMT3 gene on cucumber seedling growth under salt stress were investigated in this study. The results showed that overexpression of CsSHMT3 gene in cucumber seedlings resulted in a significant increase in chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate and proline (Pro) content, and antioxidant enzyme activity under salt stress condition; whereas the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide anion (H2O2), hydrogen peroxide (O2·-) and relative conductivity were significantly decreased when CsSHMT3 gene was overexpressed. However, the content of chlorophyll and Pro, photosynthetic rate, and antioxidant enzyme activity of the silenced CsSHMT3 gene lines under salt stress were significantly reduced, while MDA, H2O2, O2·- content and relative conductivity showed higher level in the silenced CsSHMT3 gene lines. It was further found that the expression of stress-related genes SOD, CAT, SOS1, SOS2, NHX, and HKT was significantly up-regulated by overexpressing CsSHMT3 gene in cucumber seedlings; while stress-related gene expression showed significant decrease in silenced CsSHMT3 gene seedlings under salt stress. This suggests that overexpression of CsSHMT3 gene increased the salt tolerance of cucumber seedlings, while silencing of CsSHMT3 gene decreased the salt tolerance. In conclusion, CsSHMT3 gene might positively regulate salt stress tolerance in cucumber and be involved in regulating antioxidant activity, osmotic adjustment, and photosynthesis under salt stress. KEY MESSAGE: CsSHMT3 gene may positively regulate the expression of osmotic system, photosynthesis, antioxidant system and stress-related genes in cucumber.
Assuntos
Clorofila , Cucumis sativus , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas , Fotossíntese , Estresse Salino , Tolerância ao Sal , Plântula , Cucumis sativus/genética , Cucumis sativus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Cucumis sativus/fisiologia , Cucumis sativus/efeitos dos fármacos , Plântula/genética , Plântula/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Plântula/efeitos dos fármacos , Plântula/fisiologia , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas/efeitos dos fármacos , Tolerância ao Sal/genética , Estresse Salino/genética , Clorofila/metabolismo , Fotossíntese/genética , Fotossíntese/efeitos dos fármacos , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/metabolismo , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Glicina Hidroximetiltransferase/genética , Glicina Hidroximetiltransferase/metabolismo , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Malondialdeído/metabolismo , Plantas Geneticamente Modificadas , Inativação GênicaRESUMO
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Ischemic reperfusion (I-R) injury is greatly influenced by the testicular torsion/detorsion process (TDP). In this instance, the anti-inflammatory properties of plateletrich plasma (PRP) combined with tadalafil (Td) significantly promote tissue healing in the I-R injury model. METHODS: Five groups of rats were created: the control group, the I-R group not receiving any therapy, the I-R group receiving a single dosage of Td (0.25 mg/kg, I.P.), the I-R group receiving a single dose of PRP (80 l, intratesticular), and the I-R group receiving both Td and PRP. Sperm morphology, motility, and histology were assessed. The levels of TNF-, BAX, antioxidant status, and testosterone were measured. Additionally, E-selectin expression was done. RESULTS: PRP reduced oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis while also boosting testosterone levels, which alleviated I-R injury. Otherwise, PRP reduces E-selectin expression, which modifies the pathways that control endothelial function. Td also partially demonstrated its testicular-protective activity at the same time. CONCLUSION: PRP's proven anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiapoptotic potentials make it a natural treatment for testicular harm caused by tadalafil. For the first time, it was demonstrated that PRP therapy restored the functionality of the vascular endothelium, specifically the control of E-selectin expression. Combining Td and PRP therapy may be a promising strategy for improving response to PDE5 inhibitors.
Assuntos
Plasma Rico em Plaquetas , Traumatismo por Reperfusão , Torção do Cordão Espermático , Humanos , Ratos , Masculino , Animais , Torção do Cordão Espermático/tratamento farmacológico , Torção do Cordão Espermático/complicações , Torção do Cordão Espermático/metabolismo , Tadalafila/farmacologia , Tadalafila/uso terapêutico , Tadalafila/metabolismo , Selectina E/metabolismo , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/uso terapêutico , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Sêmen , Testículo/metabolismo , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/tratamento farmacológico , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/prevenção & controle , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/etiologia , Testosterona , Isquemia/metabolismo , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Anti-Inflamatórios/uso terapêutico , Malondialdeído/metabolismoRESUMO
Cadmium (Cd), being a heavy metal, tends to accumulate in soils primarily through industrial activities, agricultural practices, and atmospheric deposition. Maize, being a staple crop for many regions, is particularly vulnerable to Cd contamination, leading to compromised growth, reduced yields, and potential health risks for consumers. Biochar (BC), a carbon-rich material derived from the pyrolysis of organic matter has been shown to improve soil structure, nutrient retention and microbial activity. The choice of biochar as an ameliorative agent stems from its well-documented capacity to enhance soil quality and mitigate heavy metal stress. The study aims to contribute to the understanding of the efficacy of biochar in combination with GA3, a plant growth regulator known for its role in promoting various physiological processes, in mitigating the adverse effects of Cd stress. The detailed investigation into morpho-physiological attributes and biochemical responses under controlled laboratory conditions provides valuable insights into the potential benefits of these interventions. The experimental design consisted of three replicates in a complete randomized design (CRD), wherein soil, each containing 10 kg was subjected to varying concentrations of cadmium (0, 8 and 16 mg/kg) and biochar (0.75% w/w base). Twelve different treatment combinations were applied, involving the cultivation of 36 maize plants in soil contaminated with Cd (T1: Control (No Cd stress; T2: Mild Cd stress (8 mg Cd/kg soil); T3: Severe Cd stress (16 mg Cd/kg soil); T4: 10 ppm GA3 (No Cd stress); T5: 10 ppm GA3 + Mild Cd stress; T6: 10 ppm GA3 + Severe Cd stress; T7: 0.75% Biochar (No Cd stress); T8: 0.75% Biochar + Mild Cd stress; T9: 0.75% Biochar + Severe Cd stress; T10: 10 ppm GA3 + 0.75% Biochar (No Cd stress); T11: 10 ppm GA3 + 0.75% Biochar + Mild Cd stress; T12: 10 ppm GA3 + 0.75% Biochar + Severe Cd stress). The combined application of GA3 and BC significantly enhanced multiple parameters including germination (27.83%), root length (59.53%), shoot length (20.49%), leaf protein (121.53%), root protein (99.93%), shoot protein (33.65%), leaf phenolics (47.90%), root phenolics (25.82%), shoot phenolics (25.85%), leaf chlorophyll a (57.03%), leaf chlorophyll b (23.19%), total chlorophyll (43.77%), leaf malondialdehyde (125.07%), root malondialdehyde (78.03%) and shoot malondialdehyde (131.16%) across various Cd levels compared to the control group. The synergistic effect of GA3 and BC manifested in optimal leaf protein and malondialdehyde levels indicating induced tolerance and mitigation of Cd detrimental impact on plant growth. The enriched soils showed resistance to heavy metal toxicity emphasizing the potential of BC and GA3 as viable strategy for enhancing maize growth. The application of biochar and gibberellic acid emerges as an effective means to mitigate cadmium-induced stress in maize, presenting a promising avenue for sustainable agricultural practices.
Assuntos
Cádmio , Giberelinas , Poluentes do Solo , Cádmio/metabolismo , Zea mays/metabolismo , Clorofila A/metabolismo , Poluentes do Solo/metabolismo , Carvão Vegetal/farmacologia , Carvão Vegetal/metabolismo , Solo/química , Malondialdeído/metabolismoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: High temperatures significantly affect the growth, development, and yield of plants. Anoectochilus roxburghii prefers a cool and humid environment, intolerant of high temperatures. It is necessary to enhance the heat tolerance of A. roxburghii and breed heat-tolerant varieties. Therefore, we studied the physiological indexes and transcriptome of A. roxburghii under different times of high-temperature stress treatments. RESULTS: Under high-temperature stress, proline (Pro), H2O2 content increased, then decreased, then increased again, catalase (CAT) activity increased continuously, peroxidase (POD) activity decreased rapidly, then increased, then decreased again, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA), and soluble sugars (SS) content all decreased, then increased, and chlorophyll and soluble proteins (SP) content increased, then decreased. Transcriptomic investigation indicated that a total of 2740 DEGs were identified and numerous DEGs were notably enriched for "Plant-pathogen interaction" and "Plant hormone signal transduction". We identified a total of 32 genes in these two pathways that may be the key genes for resistance to high-temperature stress in A. roxburghii. CONCLUSIONS: To sum up, the results of this study provide a reference for the molecular regulation of A. roxburghii's tolerance to high temperatures, which is useful for further cultivation of high-temperature-tolerant A. roxburghii varieties.
Assuntos
Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas , Orchidaceae , Orchidaceae/genética , Orchidaceae/fisiologia , Orchidaceae/metabolismo , Transcriptoma , Temperatura Alta , Resposta ao Choque Térmico/genética , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/metabolismo , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Malondialdeído/metabolismo , Estresse Fisiológico/genéticaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Boron (B) is a micronutrient, but excessive levels can cause phytotoxicity, impaired growth, and reduced photosynthesis. B toxicity arises from over-fertilization, high soil B levels, or irrigation with B-rich water. Conversely, silicon (Si) is recognized as an element that mitigates stress and alleviates the toxic effects of certain nutrients. In this study, to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of Si on maize under boron stress conditions, a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design was conducted with three replications in a hydroponic system. The experiment utilized a nutrient solution for maize var. Merit that contained three different boron (B) concentrations (0.5, 2, and 4 mg L-1) and three Si concentrations (0, 28, and 56 mg L-1). RESULTS: Our findings unveiled that exogenous application of B resulted in a substantial escalation of B concentration in maize leaves. Furthermore, B exposure elicited a significant diminution in fresh and dry plant biomass, chlorophyll index, chlorophyll a (Chl a), chlorophyll b (Chl b), carotenoids, and membrane stability index (MSI). As the B concentration augmented, malondialdehyde (MDA) content and catalase (CAT) enzyme activity exhibited a concomitant increment. Conversely, the supplementation of Si facilitated an amelioration in plant fresh and dry weight, total carbohydrate, and total soluble protein. Moreover, the elevated activity of antioxidant enzymes culminated in a decrement in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and MDA content. In addition, the combined influence of Si and B had a statistically significant impact on the leaf chlorophyll index, total chlorophyll (a + b) content, Si and B accumulation levels, as well as the enzymatic activities of guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and H2O2 levels. These unique findings indicated the detrimental impact of B toxicity on various physiological and biochemical attributes of maize, while highlighting the potential of Si supplementation in mitigating the deleterious effects through modulation of antioxidant machinery and biomolecule synthesis. CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights the potential of Si supplementation in alleviating the deleterious effects of B toxicity in maize. Increased Si consumption mitigated chlorophyll degradation under B toxicity, but it also caused a significant reduction in the concentrations of essential micronutrients iron (Fe), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn). While Si supplementation shows promise in counteracting B toxicity, the observed decrease in Fe, Cu, and Zn concentrations warrants further investigation to optimize this approach and maintain overall plant nutritional status.
Assuntos
Boro , Clorofila , Hidroponia , Silício , Zea mays , Zea mays/efeitos dos fármacos , Zea mays/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Zea mays/fisiologia , Zea mays/metabolismo , Boro/toxicidade , Boro/metabolismo , Silício/farmacologia , Clorofila/metabolismo , Folhas de Planta/efeitos dos fármacos , Folhas de Planta/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Malondialdeído/metabolismo , Carotenoides/metabolismo , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Catalase/metabolismoRESUMO
In this study, various constraints of Cd toxicity on growth, morpho-anatomical characters along with physiological and biochemical metabolic processes of Solanum melongena L. plants were analyzed. Conversely, ameliorative role of iron oxide nanoparticles (FeONPs) was examined against Cd stress. For this purpose, the following treatments were applied in completely randomized fashion; 3 mM CdCl2 solution applied with irrigation water, 40 and 80 ppm solutions of FeONPs applied via foliar spray. Regarding the results, Cd caused oxidative damage to plants' photosynthetic machinery, resulting in elevated levels of stress-markers like malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and electrolytic leakage (EL) along with slight increase in antioxidants activities, including glutathione (GsH), ascorbate (AsA), catalases (CAT), peroxidases (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and ascorbate peroxidases (APX). Also, high Cd level in plants disturb ions homeostasis and reduced essential minerals uptake, including Ca and K. This ultimately reduced growth and development of S. melongena plants. In contrast, FeONPs supplementations improved antioxidants (enzymatic and non-enzymatic) defenses which in turn limited ROS generation and lowered the oxidative damage to photosynthetic machinery. Furthermore, it maintained ionic balance resulting in enhanced uptake of Ca and K nutrients which are necessary for photosynthesis, hence also improved photosynthesis rate of S. melongena plants. Overall, FeONPs foliar spray effectively mitigated Cd toxicity imposed on S. melongena plants.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes , Cádmio , Estresse Oxidativo , Solanum melongena , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Cádmio/toxicidade , Solanum melongena/efeitos dos fármacos , Solanum melongena/metabolismo , Fotossíntese/efeitos dos fármacos , Malondialdeído/metabolismoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Soil contamination by heavy metals is a critical environmental challenge, with Pb being of particular concern due to its propensity to be readily absorbed and accumulated by plants, despite its lack of essential biological functions or beneficial roles in cellular metabolism. Within the scope of phytoremediation, the use of plants for the decontamination of various environmental matrices, the present study investigated the potential of activated charcoal (AC) to enhance the tolerance and mitigation capacity of S. sesban seedlings when exposed to Pb. The experiment was conducted as a factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design in hydroponic conditions. The S. sesban seedlings were subjected to a gradient of Pb concentrations (0, 0.02, 0.2, 2, and 10 mg/L) within the nutrient solution, alongside two distinct AC treatments (0 and 1% inclusion in the culture media). The study reached its conclusion after 60 days. RESULTS: The seedlings exposed to Pb without AC supplementation indicated an escalation in peroxidase (POX) activity, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, signaling an increase in oxidative stress. Conversely, the incorporation of AC into the treatment regime markedly bolstered the antioxidative defense system, as evidenced by the significant elevation in antioxidant capacity and a concomitant reduction in the biomarkers of oxidative stress (POX, ROS, and MDA). CONCLUSIONS: With AC application, a notable improvement was observed in the chlorophyll a, total chlorophyll, and plant fresh and dry biomass. These findings illuminate the role of activated charcoal as a viable adjunct in phytoremediation strategies aimed at ameliorating heavy metal stress in plants.
Assuntos
Biodegradação Ambiental , Carvão Vegetal , Hidroponia , Chumbo , Sesbania , Poluentes do Solo , Carvão Vegetal/farmacologia , Chumbo/toxicidade , Chumbo/metabolismo , Sesbania/metabolismo , Sesbania/efeitos dos fármacos , Poluentes do Solo/toxicidade , Poluentes do Solo/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Plântula/efeitos dos fármacos , Plântula/metabolismo , Plântula/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Clorofila/metabolismo , Malondialdeído/metabolismoRESUMO
In the course of their life, plants face a multitude of environmental anomaly that affects their growth and production. In recent decades, lead (Pb) gained an increasing attention as it is among the most significant contaminants in the environment. Therefore, in this study the effects of Pb concentrations (0, 50 and 100 ppm) on Vicia faba plants and attempts to alleviate this stress using chitosan (Chs; 0 and 0.1%) were performed. The results validated that with increasing Pb concentrations, a decline in growth, pigments and protein contents was observed. In the same time, a significant upsurge in the stress markers, both malondialdehyde (MDA) and H2O2, was observed under Pb stress. Nonetheless, foliar spraying with Chs improves the faba bean growth, pigment fractions, protein, carbohydrates, reduces MDA and H2O2 contents and decreases Pb concentrations under Pb stress. Pb mitigation effects by Chs are probably related with the activity of antioxidant enzymes, phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and proline. The application of Chs enhanced the activities of peroxidase, catalase and PAL by 25.77, 17.71 and 20.07%, respectively at 100 ppm Pb compared to their control. Plant genomic material exhibits significant molecular polymorphism, with an average polymorphism of 91.66% across all primers. To assess the genetic distance created among treatments, the dendrogram was constructed and the results of the similarity index ranged from 0.75 to 0.95, indicating genetic divergence. Our research offers a thorough comprehension of the role of Chs in lessening the oxidative stress, which will encourage the use of Chs in agricultural plant protection.
Assuntos
Quitosana , Chumbo , Estresse Oxidativo , Vicia faba , Vicia faba/efeitos dos fármacos , Vicia faba/genética , Vicia faba/metabolismo , Chumbo/metabolismo , Chumbo/toxicidade , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Quitosana/farmacologia , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/metabolismo , Malondialdeído/metabolismo , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Folhas de Planta/efeitos dos fármacos , Folhas de Planta/metabolismo , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Fenilalanina Amônia-Liase/metabolismo , Fenilalanina Amônia-Liase/genéticaRESUMO
This study used berberine hydrochloride to treat the Asian paddle crab, Charybdis japonica infected with the Gram-negative bacterium Aeromonas hydrophila at concentrations of 0, 100, 200 and 300 mg/L. The effect of berberine hydrochloride on the survival rate and gut microbiota of C. japonica was investigated. Berberine hydrochloride improved the stability of the intestinal flora, with an increase in the abundance of probiotic species and a decrease in the abundance of both pathogenic bacteria after treatment with high concentrations of berberine hydrochloride. Berberine hydrochloride altered peroxidase activity (POD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and lipid peroxidation (LPO) in the intestinal tract compared to the control. Berberine hydrochloride could modulate the energy released from the enzyme activities of hexokinase (HK), phosphofructokinase (PFK), and pyruvate kinase (PK) in the intestinal tract of C. japonica infected with A. hydrophila. Zona occludens 1 (ZO-1), Zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1), occludin and signal transducer, and activator of transcription5b (STAT5b) expression were also increased, which improved intestinal barrier function. The results of this study provide new insights into the role of berberine hydrochloride in intestinal immune mechanisms and oxidative stress in crustaceans.
Assuntos
Aeromonas hydrophila , Antioxidantes , Berberina , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Negativas , Berberina/farmacologia , Aeromonas hydrophila/efeitos dos fármacos , Aeromonas hydrophila/genética , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Negativas/microbiologia , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Negativas/tratamento farmacológico , Braquiúros/microbiologia , Braquiúros/efeitos dos fármacos , Malondialdeído/metabolismo , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Bactérias/efeitos dos fármacos , Bactérias/genética , Bactérias/classificação , Bactérias/isolamento & purificação , Bactérias/metabolismoRESUMO
In this study, the morphological (plant height, leaf length and width, stem diameter and leaf number), anatomical (epidermal cell density and thickness, Stomatal length and width), photosynthetic (net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration, relative humidity, leaf temperature and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters) and biochemical parameters (the content of soluble sugar, soluble protein, proline, malondialdehyde and electrical conductivity) of Cypripedium macranthos Sw. in Changbai Mountain were determined under different light conditions (L10, L30, L50, L100). The results showed that morphological values including plant height, leaf area, stem diameter and leaf number of C. macranthos were smaller under the condition of full light at L100. The epidermal cell density and epidermal thickness of C. macranthos were the highest under L30 and L50 treatments, respectively. It had the highest net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and chlorophyll content under L50 treatment. Meanwhile, correlation analysis indicated that photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and water use efficiency (WUE) were the main factors influencing Pn. C. macranthos accumulated more soluble sugars and soluble proteins under L100 treatment, while the degree of membrane peroxidation was the highest and the plant was severely damaged. In summary, the adaptability of C. macranthos to light conditions is ranked as follows L50 > L30 > L10 > L100. Appropriate light conditions for C. macranthos are 30%-50% of full light, which should be taken into account in protection and cultivation.
Assuntos
Clorofila , Luz , Fotossíntese , Fotossíntese/fisiologia , Clorofila/metabolismo , Folhas de Planta/fisiologia , Folhas de Planta/efeitos da radiação , Folhas de Planta/metabolismo , Estômatos de Plantas/fisiologia , Estômatos de Plantas/efeitos da radiação , Malondialdeído/metabolismo , Transpiração Vegetal/fisiologiaRESUMO
This study aimed to investigate the impact of incorporating kefir into the diet on biometric parameters, as well as the immune and antioxidant responses of the carpet shell clam (Ruditapes decussatus) after an experimental infection by Vibrio alginolyticus. Clams were divided into a control group and a treated group. The control group was fed on spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) alone. While, the treated group was fed on spirulina supplemented with 10% dried kefir. After 21 days, clams were immersed in a suspension of V. alginolyticus 5 × 105 CFU mL -1 for 30 min. Seven days after experimental infection, survival was 100% in both groups. The obtained results showed a slight increase in weight and condition index in clams fed with kefir-supplemented diet for 21 days compared to control clams. Regarding antioxidant responses, the treated group showed higher superoxide dismutase activity compared to the control group. However, the malondialdehyde level was lower in the treated clams than in the control. In terms of immune parameters, the treated group showed slightly elevated activities of phenoloxidase, lysozyme and alkaline phosphatase, whereas a decreased lectin activity was observed compared to the control group. The obtained results suggest that kefir enhanced both the antioxidant and immune response of infected clams.
Assuntos
Adjuvantes Imunológicos , Antioxidantes , Bivalves , Kefir , Probióticos , Superóxido Dismutase , Vibrio alginolyticus , Animais , Probióticos/farmacologia , Bivalves/química , Bivalves/microbiologia , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Kefir/microbiologia , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismo , Spirulina/química , Malondialdeído/metabolismo , Malondialdeído/análise , Ração Animal , Monofenol Mono-Oxigenase/metabolismo , Suplementos Nutricionais , Fosfatase Alcalina/metabolismo , Muramidase/metabolismo , Vibrioses/prevenção & controleRESUMO
This study investigates the carcinogenic potential of chronic dermal exposure (16 weeks) to sulfuric acid (SA) in immunocompetent mice. Clinical assessments, histopathological analyses, immunohistochemical analyses and biochemical assays were conducted to evaluate skin irritation, oxidative stress biomarkers and the potential carcinogenic effect of SA. Results indicated that prolonged exposure to SA leads to various alterations in skin structure, notably inflammation, preneoplastic and neoplastic proliferation in hair follicles, as well as hyperkeratosis and acanthosis, resulting in an increased epidermal thickness of 98.50 ± 21.6 µm. Immunohistochemistry analysis further corroborates these observations, showcasing elevated nuclear expression of p53 and Ki-67, with a significant mitotic index of (57.5% ± 2.5%). Moreover, biochemical analyses demonstrate that SA induces lipid peroxidation in the skin, evidenced by a high level of Malondialdehyde and a consequential reduction in catalase activity. These findings suggest that prolonged exposure to SA can induce skin neoplasms, highlighting the need for stringent safety measures in environments where SA is frequently used. This study underscores the potential occupational health risks associated with SA exposure.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Cutâneas , Ácidos Sulfúricos , Animais , Neoplasias Cutâneas/induzido quimicamente , Neoplasias Cutâneas/patologia , Neoplasias Cutâneas/metabolismo , Camundongos , Ácidos Sulfúricos/efeitos adversos , Ácidos Sulfúricos/toxicidade , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Malondialdeído/metabolismo , Imunocompetência , Catalase/metabolismo , Pele/patologia , Pele/metabolismo , Pele/efeitos dos fármacos , Antígeno Ki-67/metabolismo , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53/metabolismoRESUMO
Human skin is exposed to various physical and chemical stress factors, which commonly cause the oxidation of lipids and proteins. In this study, azo initiator AAPH [2,2' -azobis(2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride] was employed to initiate lipid peroxidation in porcine skin as an ex vivo model for human skin. We demonstrate that malondialdehyde (MDA), a secondary product of lipid peroxidation, is covalently bound to collagen in the dermis, forming MDA-collagen adducts. The binding of MDA to collagen results in an unfolding of the collagen triple helix, formation of the dimer of α-chains of collagen, and fragmentation of the collagen α-chain. It is proposed here that the MDA is bound to the lysine residues of α-chain collagen, which are involved in electrostatic interaction and hydrogen bonding with the glutamate and aspartate of other α-chains of the triple helix. Our data provide crucial information about the MDA binding topology in the skin, which is necessary to understand better the various types of skin-related diseases and the aging process in the skin under stress.
Assuntos
Colágeno , Estresse Oxidativo , Humanos , Suínos , Malondialdeído/metabolismo , Oxirredução , Colágeno/metabolismo , Peroxidação de Lipídeos , AnimaisRESUMO
The relationship between phthalate exposure and coronary heart disease (CHD) is still unclear. This study aimed to investigate the association between phthalate exposure and CHD and determine the possible atherogenic mechanisms of phthalates by assessing oxidative stress and altering miRNA expression. This case-control study included 110 participants (55 CHD patients and 55 healthy controls). The levels of oxidative stress markers, malondialdehyde (MDA), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), and the expression of miRNA-155 (miR-155) and miRNA-208a (miR-208a), were measured and correlated with the urinary mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP). Highly significant differences were detected between the CHD cases and the control group regarding MEHP, MDA, SOD, miR-155, and miR-208a (p-value < 0.001). Spearman correlations revealed a significant positive correlation between MDA and MEHP in urine (P = 0.001 and rs = 0.316) and a significant negative correlation between SOD and MEHP in urine (P < 0.001 and rs = -0.345). Furthermore, significant positive correlations were observed between miR-155 and urinary MEHP (P = 0.001 and rs = 0.318) and miR-208a and urinary MEHP (P < 0.001 and rs = -0.352). This study revealed an association between phthalate exposure, as indicated by urinary MEHP and CHD; altered expression of miR-155 and miR-208a and oxidative stress could be the fundamental mechanisms.
Assuntos
Doença das Coronárias , MicroRNAs , Estresse Oxidativo , Ácidos Ftálicos , Humanos , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , MicroRNAs/metabolismo , MicroRNAs/genética , Doença das Coronárias/induzido quimicamente , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Feminino , Ácidos Ftálicos/urina , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Malondialdeído/urina , Malondialdeído/metabolismo , Dietilexilftalato/análogos & derivados , Dietilexilftalato/toxicidade , Adulto , Idoso , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismoRESUMO
The primary goal of the investigation was to analyse the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of Gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) on rats with indomethacin (IND)-induced gastric ulcers. Thirty rats were divided into five groups: Control, IND (50 mg/kg, p.o.), IND pretreated with GLA 100 mg/kg (p.o. for 14 d), IND pretreated with GLA 150 mg/kg (p.o. for 14 d) and IND pretreated with omeprazole (20 mg/kg, p.o. for 14 d). The stomach tissues were examined to calculate the ulcer index and pH and analyse biochemical markers (prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), cyclooxygenase 1 (COX1), TNF-1, IL-6 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM1)) and oxidative stress parameters (malondialdehyde: (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH) and CAT (catalase)) as well as undergo histopathological assessment. GLA 100 and 150 mg/kg showed a protective effect against IND-induced gastric damage. It reduced levels of COX1, TNF-1, IL-6 and ICAM and increased PGE2 levels. GLA also normalised antioxidant function by modulating MDA, SOD, GSH and CAT. GLA intervention protects against IND-induced gastric ulcers by restoring oxidant/antioxidant balance and reducing inflammation.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes , Dinoprostona , Indometacina , Estresse Oxidativo , Ratos Wistar , Úlcera Gástrica , Ácido gama-Linolênico , Animais , Úlcera Gástrica/induzido quimicamente , Úlcera Gástrica/prevenção & controle , Úlcera Gástrica/tratamento farmacológico , Indometacina/efeitos adversos , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Ratos , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Ácido gama-Linolênico/farmacologia , Masculino , Dinoprostona/metabolismo , Mucosa Gástrica/efeitos dos fármacos , Mucosa Gástrica/patologia , Mucosa Gástrica/metabolismo , Interleucina-6/metabolismo , Molécula 1 de Adesão Intercelular/metabolismo , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismo , Antiulcerosos/farmacologia , Antiulcerosos/uso terapêutico , Glutationa/metabolismo , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismo , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Ciclo-Oxigenase 1/metabolismo , Malondialdeído/metabolismo , Omeprazol/farmacologiaRESUMO
In our comprehensive meta-analysis, we initially collected 177 publications focusing on the impact of melatonin on wheat. After meticulous screening, 40 published studies were selected, encompassing 558 observations for antioxidant enzymes, 312 for reactive oxygen species (ROS), and 92 for soluble biomolecules (soluble sugar and protein). This analysis revealed significant heterogeneity across studies (I2 > 99% for enzymes, ROS, and soluble biomolecules) and notable publication bias, indicating the complexity and variability in the research field. Melatonin application generally increased antioxidant enzyme activities [superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX)] in wheat, particularly under stress conditions, such as high temperature and heavy-metal exposure. Compared to control, melatonin application increased SOD, POD, CAT, and APX activities by 29.5, 16.96, 35.98, and 171.64%, respectively. Moreover, oxidative stress markers like hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anion (O2), and malondialdehyde (MDA) decreased with melatonin by 23.73, 13.64, and 21.91%, respectively, suggesting a reduction in oxidative stress. The analysis also highlighted melatonin's role in improving carbohydrate metabolism and antioxidant defenses. Melatonin showed an overall increase of 12.77% in soluble sugar content, and 22.76% in glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity compared to the control. However, the effects varied across different wheat varieties, environmental conditions, and application methods. Our study also uncovered complex relationships between antioxidant enzyme activities and H2O2 levels, indicating a nuanced regulatory role of melatonin in oxidative stress responses. Our meta-analysis demonstrates the significant role of melatonin in increasing wheat resilience to abiotic stressors, potentially through its regulatory impact on antioxidant defense systems and stress response.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes , Melatonina , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Melatonina/farmacologia , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Triticum/metabolismo , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/metabolismo , Catalase/metabolismo , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismo , Peroxidases/metabolismo , Peroxidase/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo , Açúcares/metabolismo , Malondialdeído/metabolismoRESUMO
Late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins have been widely recognized for their role in various abiotic stress responses in higher plants. Nevertheless, the specific mechanism responsible for the function of LEA proteins in plants has not yet been explored. This research involved the isolation and characterization of HcLEA113 from kenaf, revealing a significant increase in its expression in response to drought stress. When HcLEA113 was introduced into yeast, it resulted in an improved survival rate under drought conditions. Furthermore, the overexpression of HcLEA113 in tobacco plants led to enhanced tolerance to drought stress. Specifically, HcLEA113-OE plants exhibited higher germination rates, longer root lengths, greater chlorophyll content, and higher relative water content under drought stress compared to wild-type (WT) plants, while their relative conductivity was significantly lower than that of WT plants. Further physiological measurements revealed that the proline content, soluble sugars, and antioxidant activities of WT and HcLEA113-OE tobacco leaves increased significantly under drought stress, with greater changes in HcLEA113-OE plants than WT. The increase in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anions (O2 -), and malondialdehyde (MDA) content was significantly lower in HcLEA113-OE lines than in WT plants. Additionally, HcLEA113-OE plants can activate reactive oxygen species (ROS)- and osmotic-related genes in response to drought stress. On the other hand, silencing the HcLEA113 gene through virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) in kenaf plants led to notable growth suppression when exposed to drought conditions, manifesting as decreased plant height and dry weight. Meanwhile, antioxidant enzymes' activity significantly decreased and the ROS content increased. This study offers valuable insights for future research on the genetic engineering of drought resistance in plants.
Assuntos
Secas , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas , Nicotiana , Proteínas de Plantas , Estresse Fisiológico , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Nicotiana/genética , Nicotiana/fisiologia , Estresse Fisiológico/genética , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Brassicaceae/genética , Brassicaceae/fisiologia , Brassicaceae/metabolismo , Plantas Geneticamente Modificadas/genética , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/metabolismo , Malondialdeído/metabolismo , Germinação/genéticaRESUMO
Although microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate the defense response of a variety of plant species against a variety of pathogenic fungi, the involvement of miRNAs in mulberry's defense against Botrytis cinerea has not yet been documented. In this study, we identified responsive B. cinerea miRNA mno-miR164a in mulberry trees. After infection with B. cinerea, the expression of mno-miR164a was reduced, which was fully correlated with the upregulation of its target gene, MnNAC100, responsible for encoding a transcription factor. By using transient infiltration/VIGS mulberry that overexpressed mno-miR164a or knocked-down MnNAC100, our study revealed a substantial enhancement in mulberry's resistance to B. cinerea when mno-miR164a was overexpressed or MnNAC100 expression was suppressed. This enhancement was accompanied by increased catalase (CAT) activity and reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) content. In addition, mno-miR164a-mediated inhibition of MnNAC100 enhanced the expression of a cluster of defense-related genes in transgenic plants upon exposure to B. cinerea. Meanwhile, MnNAC100 acts as a transcriptional repressor, directly suppressing the expression of MnPDF1.2. Our study indicated that the mno-miR164a-MnNAC100 regulatory module manipulates the defense response of mulberry to B. cinerea infection. This discovery has great potential in breeding of resistant varieties and disease control.