RESUMO
The expression of Fc epsilon R on human lymphocytes was studied with the anti-Fc epsilon R mAbs. Fc epsilon R was expressed on most mu+,delta+ circulating B cells, whereas T cells did not express Fc epsilon R even in patients with hyper-IgE syndrome. B cells with gamma, alpha, or epsilon phenotype did not express Fc epsilon R, moreover its expression could not be induced, suggesting that the Fc epsilon R expression was correlated with isotype switching. mu+delta+ B cells in bone marrow did not express Fc epsilon R, but PHA-sup (supernatant from PHA-stimulated cell cultures) could induce its expression, and the addition of IgE augmented this induction. Recombinant IL-2, IL-1, IFN-gamma or -beta, or purified B cell differentiation factor (BSF-2 B cell-stimulatory factor 2) could not induce Fc epsilon R expression in bone marrow B cells. IFN-gamma inhibited the Fc epsilon R expression induced by PHA-sup, suggesting that the human counterpart of BSF-1 may be responsible for Fc epsilon R expression in bone marrow B cells. B cells from patients with common variable immunodeficiency and ataxia telangiectasia did not express Fc epsilon R, but PHA-sup could induce its expression, indicating that circulating B cells of these patients are at a differentiation stage similar to B cells in bone marrow. The study showed that Fc epsilon R is a B cell-specific differentiation marker, the expression of which is restricted to a defined stage of B cell differentiation.
Assuntos
Linfócitos B/análise , Isotipos de Imunoglobulinas/análise , Receptores Fc/análise , Linfócitos B/imunologia , Medula Óssea/análise , Diferenciação Celular , Humanos , Imunoglobulina E/imunologia , Síndromes de Imunodeficiência/metabolismo , Linfocinas/farmacologia , Tonsila Palatina/análise , Fito-Hemaglutininas/farmacologia , Receptores Fc/biossíntese , Receptores de IgERESUMO
By competition radioimmune assays with antisera against AKR murine leukemia virus (MuLV) gp 71 or antisera against xenotropic virus, and iodinated AKR MuLV gp71 or BALB(X) gp71, antigens serologically indistinguishable from the viral antigens can be detected in tissues of normal mice in the absence of overt virus expression. An antigen serologically indistinguishable from AKR MuLV gp71 can be readily detected in normal bone marrow cells of the common strains of mice including NIH Swiss, 129/J, and SWR/J, as well as in Mus cervicolor and Mus musculus casteneus. In contrast, this antigen is not detected in normal spleen, thymus, lymph nodes, or serum. Similarly, an antigen serologically indistinguishable from BALB(X) gp71 was found in all normal mouse sera examined. This antigen was not present in fetal liver, perfused adult liver, thymus, spleen, lymph nodes, or bone marrow of the mice examined. An equivalent antigen was detected in sera from Mus musculus casteneus but not in sera from Mus cervicolor.
Assuntos
Vírus AKR da Leucemia Murina/imunologia , Antígenos Virais , Vírus da Leucemia Murina/imunologia , Animais , Antígenos Virais/análise , Medula Óssea/análise , DNA Viral/análise , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos , Hibridização de Ácido Nucleico , Especificidade de Órgãos , RNA Viral/análise , Radioimunoensaio , Ratos , Ratos Endogâmicos F344 , Proteínas Virais/análiseRESUMO
A factor(s) present in supernatants from lectin-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells promoted the production of basophil-like cells in liquid cultures of normal human bone marrow cells. The cultured basophil-like cells had lobulated or round nuclei, and the cytoplasmic granules stained metachromatically with toluidine blue and azurophilic with Giemsa. 20% of the metachromatically staining cells were peroxidase positive but not positive for nonspecific esterase. The histamine content was 0.5-2 pg/cell. The basophil-like cells released histamine upon challenge with calcium ionophore A23187 but not with compound 48/80. They also released histamine with anti-IgE when passively sensitized with human myeloma IgE. The development of basophil-like cells was promoted in a dose-dependent fashion by a factor(s) in the conditioned medium. Blocking of cell proliferation with hydroxyurea or X irradiation inhibited the development of basophil-like cells. The production of the factor was dependent on the presence of T cells. The factor was different from interleukin 2 and its molecular weight was estimated to be 25,000-40,000 by gel filtration on a Sephacryl S-200 column. Thus, human basophil-like cells derived from normal bone marrow cells can grow and differentiate in vitro under the regulation of T cells.
Assuntos
Basófilos/citologia , Células da Medula Óssea , Concanavalina A/fisiologia , Grânulos Citoplasmáticos/análise , Linfocinas , Medula Óssea/análise , Diferenciação Celular , Divisão Celular , Fenômenos Químicos , Química , Meios de Cultura , Relação Dose-Resposta Imunológica , Liberação de Histamina , Humanos , Interleucina-2/fisiologia , Ativação Linfocitária , Coloração e Rotulagem , Linfócitos T/imunologiaRESUMO
We have used a biological assay system we developed to biochemically purify a previously uncharacterized murine lymphopoietic growth factor designated lymphopoietin 1 (LP-1). This factor is capable of stimulating the proliferation and extended maintenance of precursor cells of the B lineage. A stromal cell line producing LP-1 was established after transfection of primary stromal cultures with a plasmid encoding the transforming genes of SV40. This factor was purified to a single 25-kD species from the culture supernatant of an adherent stromal cell line. This material acts on immature lymphocytes, it binds to specific receptors on cells, and is distinct from previously described hematopoietic factors. LP-1 has been purified some 10(7)-fold with an overall recovery of 35%. The purified protein exhibits a specific activity of approximately 4 X 10(6) U/micrograms of protein and is active at a half-maximal concentration of 10(-13) M.
Assuntos
Linfócitos B/citologia , Medula Óssea/análise , Substâncias de Crescimento/isolamento & purificação , Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Células da Medula Óssea , Divisão Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Clonais/análise , Substâncias de Crescimento/farmacologia , Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/citologia , CamundongosRESUMO
1. Mice of A and C(57)BL/6 Ks strains, thymectomized at birth acquire wasting disease in 84.1% (A) and 77.1% (C(57)BL/6 Ks) of the cases. There is no sex predelection. 2. Anemia in these animals is characterized by shortened red cell survival and increased fragility to hypotonic salt solutions. Among thymectomized A mice reticulocytosis is absent and extramedullary hematopoiesis is found in the spleen in the presence of bone marrow hypoplasia for the erythroid and lymphocyte series. 3. Positive antiglobulin tests of the red cells were observed in all the thymectomized C(57)BL/6 Ks (7/7) and 71.2% of the A strains (62/87). Normal mice do not show positive Coombs' tests. 4. The globulin coat on the A strain consists of IgM, whereas beta(1C) and IgG are not detectable. By contrast, red cell coats of NZB mice developing spontaneous autoimmune hemolytic anemia show IgM and beta(1C), but these erythrocytes do not react with anti-gamma chain antibodies. Another difference in the globulin coats of the two types of erythrocytes is that the IgM on NZB red cells has available light chain determinants but these are apparently hidden or absent in the case of sensitized erythrocytes. The difference in antibody coating, association with a component of complement in one but not the other, suggests a different mechanism for the immune surface phenomenon in each instance. 5. Anemia in NZB mice is associated with reticulocytosis while that in thymectomized A mice is not. 6. Thymectomy appears to initiate a chain of events leading to a series of autoimmune phenomena which may be due to alteration in host response consequent to loss of thymic tissue and thymic dependent functions or alternatively to infection to which increased susceptibility exists as a result of thymic extirpation.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Anti-Idiotípicos , Doenças Autoimunes/etiologia , Doença Enxerto-Hospedeiro/etiologia , Timectomia/efeitos adversos , Anemia Hemolítica/sangue , Animais , Animais Recém-Nascidos , Doenças Autoimunes/sangue , Medula Óssea/análise , Células da Medula Óssea , Teste de Coombs , Eritrócitos/análise , Hematócrito , Megacariócitos/análise , Camundongos , Fragilidade Osmótica , Reticulócitos/análise , Baço/citologia , gama-GlobulinasRESUMO
Lactoferrin, an iron-binding protein previously shown to occur in many external secretions, is identified as one of the major proteins present in human and guinea pig neutrophilic polymorphonuclear leukocytes. The identification of this protein in leukocyte extracts was based upon a comparison of its electrophoretic, antigenic, and iron-combining properties with the corresponding properties of the same protein isolated from human and guinea pig milk. Immunochemical quantitations showed that lactoferrin occurs in human neutrophilic leukocytes at the concentration of 3 microg per 10(6) cells. Tissue cultures from guinea pig bone marrow and spleen actively synthesized the protein, as shown both by net production of lactoferrin and incorporation of labeled amino acids into the protein. Immunohistochemical data indicate that lactoferrin first appears in myeloid cells at the stage of the promyelocyte.
Assuntos
Leucócitos/análise , Proteínas/análise , Aminoácidos/metabolismo , Animais , Antígenos , Medula Óssea/análise , Medula Óssea/metabolismo , Isótopos de Carbono , Técnicas de Cultura , Eletroforese , Cobaias , Humanos , Imunoquímica , Imunodifusão , Imunoeletroforese , Ferro/metabolismo , Lactoglobulinas/biossíntese , Leucócitos/imunologia , Neutrófilos/análise , Neutrófilos/imunologia , Ligação Proteica , Coelhos , Baço/análiseRESUMO
We have used immunohistochemical techniques to detect transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) in many tissues of adult and neonatal mice. Each of two antibodies raised to the amino-terminal 30 amino acids of TGF-beta 1 selectively stained this molecule in either intracellular or extracellular locations. Strong intracellular staining was found in adrenal cortex, megakaryocytes and other cells of the bone marrow, cardiac myocytes, chondrocytes, renal distal tubules, ovarian glandular cells, and chorionic cells of the placenta. Marked staining of extracellular matrix was found in cartilage, heart, pancreas, placenta, skin, and uterus. Staining was often particularly intense in specialized cells of a given tissue, suggesting unique roles for TGF-beta within that tissue. Levels of expression of mRNA for TGF-beta 1 and its histochemical staining did not necessarily correlate in a given tissue, as in the spleen. The present data lend further support to the concept that TGF-beta has an important role in controlling interactions between epithelia and surrounding mesenchyme.
Assuntos
Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/análise , Glândulas Suprarrenais/análise , Animais , Northern Blotting , Medula Óssea/análise , Citoplasma/análise , Sondas de DNA , Feminino , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/análise , Técnicas Imunoenzimáticas , Rim/análise , Megacariócitos/análise , Camundongos , Miocárdio/análise , Hibridização de Ácido Nucleico , Placenta/análise , Gravidez , RNA Mensageiro/análise , Distribuição TecidualRESUMO
Primitive erythroblasts in the circulating blood of the chick embryo continue to divide while synthesizing hemoglobin (Hb). Hb measurements on successive generations of erythroblasts show that there is a progressive increase in the Hb content of both interphase and metaphase cells. Furthermore, for any given embryo the Hb content of metaphase cells is always significantly greater than that of interphase cells. The distribution of Hb values for metaphase cells suggests that there are six Hb classes corresponding to the number of cell cycles in the proliferative phase. The location of erythroblasts in the cell cycle was determined by combining Feulgen cytophotometry with thymidine radioautography on the same cells. Measurements of the Hb content for erythroblasts in different compartments of the cell cycle (G1, S, G2, and M) show a progressive increase through the cycle. Thus, the amount of Hb per cell is a function of the number of cell divisions since the initiation of Hb synthesis and, to a lesser degree, the stage of the cell cycle. Earlier generations of erythroblasts synthesize Hb at a faster rate than the terminal generation. Several models have been proposed to explain these findings.
Assuntos
Eritropoese , Hemoglobinas/biossíntese , Mitose , Animais , Autorradiografia , Medula Óssea/análise , Medula Óssea/metabolismo , Células da Medula Óssea , Divisão Celular , Embrião de Galinha , Colchicina/farmacologia , Eritrócitos/análise , Eritrócitos/metabolismo , Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/metabolismo , Hemoglobinas/análise , Mitose/efeitos dos fármacos , Modelos Biológicos , Fotometria , Timidina/metabolismo , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
The product of the postformalin ammoniacal silver reaction, which has been claimed to distinguish lysine-rich from arginine-rich histones with the light microscope on the basis of a color difference, was examined in developing erythroid cells of chick bone marrow with the electron microscope. Stem cells and early erythroblasts exhibit no, or little, ammoniacal silver reaction product, while small basophilic erythroblasts, polychromatophilic erythrocytes, and reticulocytes exhibit an increasing amount of reaction product as maturation proceeds. The reaction product is in the form of discrete electron-opaque particles associated with heterochromatin. The ammoniacal silver reaction in the erythroid cell series is interpreted as reflecting either the accumulation of newly synthesized arginine-rich histones or changes in the availability of reactive sites in preformed histones.
Assuntos
Células da Medula Óssea , Medula Óssea/análise , Eritropoese , Histonas/análise , Coloração e Rotulagem , Animais , Arginina/análise , Basófilos/análise , Núcleo Celular/análise , Galinhas , Citoplasma/análise , Eritrócitos/análise , Fêmur/citologia , Heterocromatina/análise , Histocitoquímica , Leucócitos/análise , Lisina/análise , Microscopia Eletrônica , Compostos de Amônio Quaternário , Reticulócitos/análise , Ribossomos/análise , PrataRESUMO
A rapid method for the flow microfluorometric determination of the DNA content per cell is described. Incubation of cells in a hypotonic solution of propidium iodide results in disruption of the cell membrane and rapid staining of nuclear chromatin. DNA distribution histograms generated from cells stained by this method are identical to those generated after fixation and RNase digestion. In contrast to some earlier described methods, the present technique is rapid (5 min of processing), requires a minimal amount of material, and avoids formation of cell clumps.
Assuntos
Divisão Celular , DNA de Neoplasias/análise , DNA/análise , Fluorometria/normas , Coloração e Rotulagem/métodos , Medula Óssea/análise , Células da Medula Óssea , Linhagem Celular , Eritrócitos/análise , Etídio/análogos & derivados , Estudos de Avaliação como Assunto , Humanos , Leucemia Linfoide , Metanol , Ribonucleases/metabolismoRESUMO
Primitive cells of (C3H x C57BL/10)F(1) mouse bone marrow, participating with thymocytes in immune responses to sheep erythrocytes, are already committed to the immunoglobulin M or immunoglobulin G antibody class. By equilibrium centrifugation in discontinuous gradients of bovine serum albumin, cells responsible for production of IgM immunocytes migrate to the denser regions, whereas those responsible for IgG immunocytes remain in the lower density regions.
Assuntos
Anticorpos/classificação , Formação de Anticorpos , Células da Medula Óssea , Medula Óssea/imunologia , Animais , Células Produtoras de Anticorpos/análise , Medula Óssea/análise , Transplante de Medula Óssea , Centrifugação com Gradiente de ConcentraçãoRESUMO
Acute promyelocytic leukemia (subtype M3) is characterized by malignant promyelocytes exhibiting an abundance of abnormally large or aberrant primary granules. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity of these azurophilic granules, as assessed by cytochemical staining, is unusually intense. In addition, M3 is universally associated with a chromosomal translocation, t(15;17)(q22;q11.2). In this report, the MPO gene was localized to human chromosome 17 (q12-q21), the region of the breakpoint on chromosome 17 in the t(15;17), by somatic cell hybrid analysis and in situ chromosomal hybridization. By means of MPO complementary DNA clones for in situ hybridization and Southern blot analysis, the effect of this specific translocation on the MPO gene was examined. In all cases of M3 examined, MPO is translocated to chromosome 15. Genomic blot analyses indicate rearrangement of MPO in leukemia cells of two of four cases examined. These findings suggest that MPO may be pivotal in the pathogenesis of acute promyelocytic leukemia.
Assuntos
Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/enzimologia , Peroxidase/genética , Translocação Genética , Medula Óssea/análise , Mapeamento Cromossômico , Cromossomos Humanos Par 15 , Cromossomos Humanos Par 17 , DNA/genética , Enzimas de Restrição do DNA , DNA Recombinante , Humanos , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/genética , Hibridização de Ácido Nucleico , Plasmídeos , Polimorfismo de Fragmento de RestriçãoRESUMO
DNA from a replication-defective spleen focus-forming virus (SFFV) was reconstructed and transfected into psi-2 cells containing a packaging-defective mutant of Moloney murine leukemia virus. Replication-incompetent retrovirus particles (helper virus-free containing genomes that express the transforming envelope gene of SFFV (gp52) transformed bone marrow cells in vitro and, after direct intravenous introduction of the vector, induced malignant erythroid disease in vivo. Disease induction was dependent on prior treatment of mice with phenylhydrazine, which probably increased the availability of erythroid target cells. Since there was no evidence of virus particle expression in mice with malignant disease, this study demonstrates the acute oncogenic potential of a limited number of erythroid cells expressing SFFV gp52. Direct inoculation of animals with nonreplicating retroviral vectors containing transforming genes may be useful in study the oncogenic effects of such genes.
Assuntos
Transformação Celular Neoplásica , Eritroblastos/citologia , Retroviridae/genética , Animais , Medula Óssea/análise , Enzimas de Restrição do DNA/metabolismo , DNA Viral/metabolismo , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Camundongos , Oncogenes , Fenótipo , Baço/microbiologia , Transfecção , Proteínas do Envelope Viral/genética , Vírion/metabolismoRESUMO
A pool of free alpha-globin chains was found in the bone marrow samples from three controls, two patients with beta-thalassemia trait, three with sickle beta-thalassemia, three with hemoglobin (Hb) Lepore trait, one with alphabeta-thalassemia, four with homozygous beta-thalassemia, and one doubly heterozygous for Hb Lepore and beta-thalassemia. The average percentage of newly synthesized alpha-chains found in the free alpha-globin pool was 6.2% in the controls and 33.0% in the patients heterozygous for thalassemia or Hb Lepore. These controls and patients had balanced beta- and alpha-globin synthesis in the bone marrow. In the homozygous patients and in the one patient doubly heterozygous for thalassemia and Hb Lepore, there was a marked deficit of beta-chain synthesis in the bone marrow and also a large pool of newly synthesized free alpha-chains. The function of this pool of free alpha-chains is not known, but it may be involved in the regulation of globin chain synthesis in normal patients and in the compensatory synthesis of beta-chains that occurs in the bone marrow of patients heterozygous for thalassemia or for Hb Lepore.
Assuntos
alfa-Globulinas/isolamento & purificação , Medula Óssea/análise , alfa-Globulinas/biossíntese , Anemia Falciforme/sangue , Medula Óssea/metabolismo , Cromatografia em Gel , Hemoglobina Falciforme/análise , Hemoglobinopatias/sangue , Humanos , Talassemia/sangueRESUMO
A new heavy chain disease protein ((gamma)HCD-JM) has been characterized by antigenic and structural criteria. The protein belongs to the IgG3-subclass and is closely related to Fc-fragment of G3-immunoglobulins. The predominant N-terminal amino acid of this protein is glutamic acid in the uncyclized form, and that of another (gamma)HCD is glycine. Studies of the N-terminal peptides indicate that the N-terminal portion of the (gamma)3-heavy polypeptide chain is absent from the (gamma)HCD-JM. These findings rule out a process of normal heavy chain initiation and a large deletion of the Fd region as being responsible for these two heavy chain disease proteins. The (gamma)HCD-JM is a secretory product of cells from bone marrow as shown by studies of in vitro incorporation of amino acids-(14)C. Bone marrow and lymph node have a population of lymphoplasmacytic cells which by immunofluorescence contain (gamma)-heavy chain antigens in the absence of light chain antigens.
Assuntos
Proteínas Sanguíneas/biossíntese , Doença das Cadeias Pesadas/sangue , gama-Globulinas/biossíntese , Aminoácidos/análise , Proteínas Sanguíneas/análise , Medula Óssea/análise , Células da Medula Óssea , Isótopos de Carbono , Imunofluorescência , Humanos , Imunoeletroforese , Ultracentrifugação , gama-Globulinas/análiseRESUMO
Two adults with rapidly progressive acute myeloblastic and myelomonoblastic leukemia were given single injections of tritiated thymidine, and measurements were made of the growth rates of their leukemic and normal hematopoietic cells by radioautographic methods. Although almost all leukemic blasts in both marrow and blood were metabolically active as shown by their ability to incorporate tritiated uridine and leucine in vitro, only 5.6% and 6.1% of the blasts in the marrow and even fewer in the blood incorporated tritiated thymidine. The mitotic indexes of the marrow blasts were 0.66% and 0.52%; no circulating blasts were dividing. The mean generation times of the actively proliferating blasts were estimated to be 49 and 83 hours. This cannot be equated with the doubling time of the total leukemic population as there is evidence that many blasts fail to continue dividing and die. The mean durations of the phases of the blasts' mitotic cycles were as follows: DNA synthesis (S) = 22 and 19 hours, premitosis (G(2)) = 3 hours, mitosis (M) = 0.47 and 0.62 hour (minimal estimates), and postmitosis (G(1)) = 24 and 61 hours. In both patients the maximal mean transit time of the blasts in the blood was 36 hours, and the minimal numbers of actively dividing blasts present were 1.6 and 2.6 x 10(9) per kg of body weight.Estimates were also made of the rates of proliferation and maturation of the residual normal erythrocytic and granulocytic cells in these two patients. Although total production was markedly diminished because of reduction in the number of normal elements, the relatively few remaining normal cells appeared to be dividing and maturing at rates that are about the same or only slightly slower than those found in normal subjects. We conclude that main reason leukemic blasts displace normal hematopoietic precursors in acute leukemia is that the blasts largely fail to differentiate. Many die but many others persist in the marrow and elsewhere as primitive cells and continue to proliferate. As the blasts accumulate, they gradually displace the normal hematopoietic cells, most of which continue their normal course of differentiation and leave the marrow as nondividing mature cells. It is not known why the over-all production of normal cells is not adequately increased to compensate for the anemia, granulocytopenia, and thrombocytopenia that develop, but apparently the leukemic cells somehow interfere with the proliferation or differentiation or both of normal stem cells.
Assuntos
Células da Medula Óssea , Medula Óssea , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/patologia , Timidina/metabolismo , Autorradiografia , Medula Óssea/análise , Diferenciação Celular , Divisão Celular , DNA/biossíntese , Eritrócitos , Humanos , Leucina/metabolismo , Leucócitos/análise , Timidina/sangue , Trítio , Uridina/metabolismoRESUMO
Radioisotope studies of bilirubin turnover, ferrokinetics, and red cell survival ((51)Cr) in a patient with erythrocyte PK deficiency have provided evidence for prompt reticulocyte sequestration and destruction by the reticuloendothelial system. More mature erythrocytes appeared to survive well despite their deficiency of PK. PK-deficient reticulocytes, dependent upon oxidative phosphorylation for ATP production, are exquisitely sensitive to cyanide- or nitrogen-induced mitochondrial inhibition. If oxidative phosphorylation is unavailable, ATP levels decline rapidly, producing alterations in the cell membrane which allow massive losses of potassium and water. The result is a shrunken, spiculated, viscous cell whose rheologic properties would favor its sequestration by the reticuloendothelial system. Those reticulocytes with particularly low levels of PK exhibit very low glycolytic rates and thus are uniquely reliant upon oxidative phosphorylation. Other reticulocytes, better endowed with PK activity, can meet the increased ATP requirements of young erythrocytes. Upon reaching maturity, such cells have diminished ATP needs and can, therefore, survive despite their enzyme deficiency.
Assuntos
Trifosfato de Adenosina/biossíntese , Adulto , Anemia Hemolítica Congênita não Esferocítica/metabolismo , Bilirrubina/análise , Medula Óssea/análise , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Isótopos do Cromo , Cianetos/farmacologia , HumanosRESUMO
Nine patients with hematological malignancies were treated with difluoromethylornithine and methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone). The number of circulating blast cells decreased in all of the patients treated with DFMO and MGBG for longer than 1 wk. Morphological evidence of myeloid maturation was evident in four patients with leukemia and the circulating M Protein decreased in one patient with multiple myeloma. The polyamine content of the mononuclear cells in both the peripheral blood and bone marrow was transiently increased after the initial MGBG dose. During administration of DFMO decreases were achieved in the peripheral blood mononuclear cell putrescine levels in 7 patients, spermidine levels in 5 patients, and spermine levels in 4 patients. Alterations in bone marrow mononuclear cell polyamine levels were similar to those which occurred in the peripheral cells. An average of 9 days of DFMO treatment was required to lower mononuclear cell polyamine levels. Three of the 4 evaluable patients receiving multiple MGBG doses had an increased mononuclear cell content of MGBG after DFMO pretreatment. Enhancement of cellular MGBG levels was not directly correlated to the degree of cellular polyamine depletion.
Assuntos
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Medula Óssea/análise , Eflornitina/administração & dosagem , Leucemia/tratamento farmacológico , Leucócitos Mononucleares/análise , Mitoguazona/administração & dosagem , Poliaminas/análise , Adulto , Idoso , Avaliação de Medicamentos , Feminino , Humanos , Leucemia/metabolismo , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mitoguazona/análise , Mitoguazona/farmacocinéticaRESUMO
Improving the prognosis of advanced neuroblastoma remains an important yet unachieved goal of pediatric oncology, a fact which may be related to an insufficient analysis of the role played by cytoreductive surgery. Utilizing strain A mice bearing C-1300 syngeneic neuroblastoma, tumor biology and host immunocompetence were studied after cytoreduction surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy. Cell kinetic analysis in the residual tumor demonstrated an increase of the proliferative fraction 18 to 42 h after operation, but the same peak proliferation was delayed in bone marrow cells to 24 to 96 h. The potential for drug distribution to the tumor after cytoreduction surgery was assessed by injecting Na251CrO4 and measuring tumor uptake. There were two significant (P less than 0.05) peaks of activity at 6 h and 3 days, suggesting local edema and neovascularity, respectively. Injection of both cell cycle specific and nonspecific adjuvant chemotherapeutic agents in a dosage of one-fourth of their 50% lethal dose at 24 or 72 h following surgical cytoreduction did not induce any antitumor activity at either injection time. However, when cyclophosphamide was given in this dose, the C-1300 tumor growth was impaired, an effect which was largely abrogated by first subjecting the tumor bearer to thymectomy and irradiation. The transfer of spleen cells from adjuvant cyclophosphamide-treated mice to tumor-inoculated normal mice significantly delayed tumor appearance when comparison was made with animals treated by operation alone, and such recipients also exhibited a more prolonged survival. These data suggest that the antitumor activity of cyclophosphamide following cytoreduction surgery of C-1300 neuroblastoma is mediated by both pharmacological and immunological mechanisms.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Neuroblastoma/terapia , Animais , Medula Óssea/análise , Divisão Celular , Radioisótopos de Cromo , Terapia Combinada , Ciclofosfamida/uso terapêutico , DNA de Neoplasias/análise , Imunização Passiva , Masculino , Camundongos , Neuroblastoma/patologia , Neuroblastoma/cirurgia , Baço/imunologiaRESUMO
Constituents of the bone marrow microenvironment have the capacity to influence both normal and malignant hematopoietic cell behavior. For example, HL-60 human promyelocytic leukemia cells in vitro display a more mature phenotype when grown on a bone marrow stroma-derived matrix. To elucidate which component(s) of the stromal matrix is capable of modulating HL-60 cell phenotype, matrices were treated with a variety of chemicals and enzymes prior to being used in the differentiation assay. Treatment of matrices with collagenase, pronase, chondroitinase, or chloroform:methanol:ether could not abolish the differentiation-promoting activity of bone marrow stroma. In contrast, the activity was destroyed by alkali treatment (0.5 M NaOH for 18 h) or heparinase/heparitinase enzymes. Heparin added to cultures increased maturation of HL-60 cells as determined by esterase production, Fc rosette formation, and morphological appearance. Other stromal components such as laminin, fibronectin, collagen I, collagen IV, or chondroitin sulfate did not alter the HL-60 leukemia cell phenotype. Stroma-derived matrix material which labeled with [35S]sulfate and eluted on a DEAE ion-exchange column as a high ionic fraction in 1.5 M LiCl and 7.5% sodium dodecyl sulfate contained the active fraction. A heparan sulfate proteoglycan component isolated by polyacrylamide-agarose gel electrophoresis induced a more mature HL-60 phenotype, and digestion with heparinase/heparitinase in the presence of protease inhibitors abrogated the effects on HL-60 phenotype. We conclude that a heparan sulfate-associated fraction of the bone marrow matrix plays a key role in the regulation of leukemic cell maturation.