Marathon of eponyms: 6 Frey syndrome (Gustatory sweating).

The use of eponyms has long been contentious, but many remain in common use, as discussed elsewhere (Editorial: Oral Diseases. 2009: 15; 185). The use of eponyms in diseases of the head and neck is found mainly in specialties dealing with medically compromised individuals (paediatric dentistry, special care dentistry, oral and maxillofacial medicine, oral and maxillofacial pathology, oral and maxillofacial radiology and oral and maxillofacial surgery) and particularly by hospital-centred practitioners. This series has selected some of the more recognized relevant eponymous conditions and presents them alphabetically. The information is based largely on data available from MEDLINE and a number of internet websites as noted below: the authors would welcome any corrections. This document summarizes data about Frey' syndrome.

Lucja Frey--historical relevance and syndrome review.

BACKGROUND: This article documents an objective review ofthe neuro-anatomical, diagnostic and clinical implications of the auriculotemporal syndrome (Frey's syndrome). The incidence of Frey's syndrome after parotidectomy as cited in the literature varies. It may also be a sequela to a variety of inflammatory, infective and traumatic aetiologies. METHOD: An electronic search using the search engine Google, Medline and Pubmed was performed under 'Lucja Frey', 'Gustatory sweating', 'The auriculotemporal syndrome', 'Botulinum toxin'. Relevant papers were systematically reviewed from 1965 to present. CONCLUSIONS: This disorder is important for ENT surgeons and allied specialties. We present the main surgical and cosmetic therapeutic strategies in the literature. We also discuss the fascinating life of Lucja Frey. As one of the first female academic neurologists in Europe, her career and life were tragically altered by the events of World War II.

The bullet that hit a nerve: the history of Lucja Frey and her syndrome.

Duphenix first described gustatory sweating in 1757. The underlying pathogenesis was not appreciated until 1923, when Lucja Frey, a Polish neurologist, observed the phenomenon in a Polish soldier with an infected bullet wound in the parotid gland and suggested that the auriculo-temporal nerve played a role. Lucja Frey was born in Lwów, Poland, in 1889 and began her medical studies in Lwów before moving to Warsaw to work as a neurologist. She amassed a total of 43 publications on various neurological topics over her career. Unfortunately, during the Second World War she was enlisted into the Lwów ghetto, where she worked until her death in 1943. We present the history of Frey's syndrome, particularly the life of Lucja Frey and the syndrome she described.

Early description of synchronous double spinal vascular malformations by Lucja Frey in 1928.

The Polish neurologist Lucja Frey (1889-1942) is principally remembered for her description of the auriculotemporal nerve (or Frey's) syndrome. She also reported a complex case of spinal cord vascular malformation in 1928, which included one of the earliest accurate anatomopathological depictions of a spinal arteriovenous malformation as well as the first known observation of double synchronous spinal cord vascular malformation. An abbreviated translation of Frey's report is followed by a discussion of the place occupied by her contribution in the development of our current understanding of spinovascular disorders.

The woman behind Frey's syndrome: the tragic life of Lucja Frey.

OBJECTIVE: The auriculotemporal syndrome is known worldwide as Frey's syndrome. However, the Jewish physician Lucja Frey, after whom it was named, has fallen into obscurity. The little information about her is fragmentary, contradictory, and often incorrect. STUDY DESIGN: To reconstruct the life of Lucja Frey, who was murdered by the Nazis in her native town of Lwów, it was imperative to look for original documents as irrevocable proof of her life. METHODS: During this research, more than 100 archives and institutions in 8 countries have been contacted. RESULTS: With the archive materials, it was possible for the first time to create a complete picture of the life of this fascinating physician. Furthermore, her day of death, unknown until now, could be determined with great plausibility. The lasting impression is not only of a tragic death under the Nazis but also of a tragic life as a whole. CONCLUSION: Lucja Frey would have been forgotten if not for the eponym Frey's syndrome. In this way, she is remembered not only as an unusual woman, physician, and scientist but also as one of millions of Jews murdered by the Nazis. This may be the only key remaining to prevent the repetition of one of the most haunting and devastating times in history.

Frey syndrome before Frey: the correct history.

OBJECTIVE: To review the chronology of publications on gustatory sweating before Frey's landmark publication. METHODS: Reports on Frey syndrome were reviewed, and all references given to publications before 1950 were obtained and examined. References to prior publications in the obtained articles were similarly reviewed. The cases described in these publications were analyzed for their compatibility with the accepted clinical symptoms of Frey syndrome. RESULTS: Despite numerous references, the case described by Duphenix in 1757 is most probably a traumatic parotid fistula. The first reported case of Frey syndrome should be attributed to Baillarger in 1853.

[Lucja Frey (1889-1943) in the 50th anniversary of her tragic death and 70th anniversary of the auriculotemporal syndrome]. / Lucja Frey (1889-1943) w 70 rocznice ogloszenia zespolu uszno-skroniowego i 50 rocznice tragicznej smierci.

Lucja Frey was a Polish neurologist born and lived in Lwów, former east Polish town, and died during the war in Lwów's ghetto. In 1923 she described the auriculo-temporalis syndrome, at present well known all over the world. But personality and history of the extraordinary Polish scientist remains obscure. The aim of this paper is to present her silhouette. Because a great number of Polish scientists are also not known abroad, the authors tried to explain the causes of their absence in the world bibliography.

Lucja Frey (1889­1942): life destroyed by the Holocaust--on the 70th anniversary of her death.

Lucja Frey was the first to explain the pathogenesis of the auriculotemporal syndrome, and the syndrome is recognized today as the Frey syndrome. Patients with this disease are subjected to paroxysmal paraesthesia of half of the face combined with sweating and redness. This syndrome can be found in the differential diagnosis of contemporary dermatology. Among others, it is differentiated from food allergies. The life and scientific career of Lucja Frey was brutally interrupted by the tragic times of the Holocaust.

An early account of gustatory sweating (Frey's syndrome): a chance observation 250 years ago.

Quite by chance, when reading an old manuscript dealing with fistulae of the parotid duct, the author came across a clear description of what is now well known as gustatory sweating (Frey's syndrome). The incident which gave rise to this observation is recalled and the account is reproduced in the original text.

Understanding gustatory sweating. What have we learned from Lucja Frey and her predecessors?

Gustatory sweating results from a disruption of the auriculotemporal nerve pathways. Damage to the nerve may cause a misdirected re-growth that results in parasympathetic innervation of sympathetic receptors and, therefore, facial sweating and flushing with gustatory stimulation. Over the past 300 years, the history of gustatory sweating has included observations of typhus-induced parotiditis, war injuries, and occupational accidents. Despite religious and personal persecution, Lucja Frey (1889-1943) systematically investigated gustatory sweating. Following the discovery of a German World War II document regarding Lucja Frey, an international committee was organized to research the history of gustatory sweating and of Dr. Frey's contributions to the understanding of the syndrome. Twenty original scientific publications from 1700 to 1950 on gustatory sweating were reviewed. Frey was the first to describe gustatory sweating as a disorder of both sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation. She proposed novel pathologic and pharmacologic mechanisms to explain the syndrome. Subsequent discoveries, including the work of André-Thomas in 1927, have provided a more complete understanding of gustatory sweating and the pathologic mechanism of aberrant neuronal regeneration.

Síndrome de Frey / Frey's syndrome

É apresentada uma revisäo sobre sudorese gustatória (síndrome de Frey) após cirurgias sobre a glândula parótida. O histórico, a fisiopatologia, o diagnóstico, incluindo uma nova modalidade terapêutica usando toxina botulínica, säo abrangentemente discutidos.