High-resolution 3D printing of xanthan gum/nanocellulose bio-inks.
Int J Biol Macromol
; 209(Pt B): 2020-2031, 2022 Jun 01.
Article
in En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-35500781
ABSTRACT
The current study provides a comprehensive rheology study and a survey on direct ink writing of xanthan gum/cellulose nanocrystal (XG/CNC) bio-inks for developing 3D geometries that mimic soft tissue engineering scaffolds' physical and mechanical properties. The presence of CNC was found to be a critical prerequisite for the printability of XG bio-inks; accordingly, the hybrid XG/CNC bio-inks revealed the excellent viscoelastic properties that enabled precise control of hydrogel shaping and printing of lattice structures composed of up to eleven layers with high fidelity and fair resolution without any deformation after printing. The lyophilized 3D scaffolds presented a porous structure with open and interconnected pores and a porosity higher than 70%, vital features for tissue engineering scaffolds. Moreover, they showed a relatively high swelling of approximately 11 g/g, facilitating oxygen and nutrient exchange. Furthermore, the elastic and compressive moduli of the scaffolds that enhanced significantly upon increasing CNC content were in the range of a few kPa, similar to soft tissues. Finally, no significant cell cytotoxicity was observed against human liver cancer cells (HepG2), highlighting the potential of these developed 3D printed scaffolds for soft tissue engineering applications.
Key words
Full text:
1
Collection:
01-internacional
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
Printing, Three-Dimensional
/
Ink
Limits:
Humans
Language:
En
Journal:
Int J Biol Macromol
Year:
2022
Type:
Article
Affiliation country:
Finland