Stable, chronic in-vivo recordings from a fully wireless subdural-contained 65,536-electrode brain-computer interface device.

ABSTRACT

Minimally invasive, high-bandwidth brain-computer-interface (BCI) devices can revolutionize human applications. With orders-of-magnitude improvements in volumetric efficiency over other BCI technologies, we developed a 50-µm-thick, mechanically flexible micro-electrocorticography (µECoG) BCI, integrating 256×256 electrodes, signal processing, data telemetry, and wireless powering on a single complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) substrate containing 65,536 recording and 16,384 stimulation channels, from which we can simultaneously record up to 1024 channels at a given time. Fully implanted below the dura, our chip is wirelessly powered, communicating bi-directionally with an external relay station outside the body. We demonstrated chronic, reliable recordings for up to two weeks in pigs and up to two months in behaving non-human primates from somatosensory, motor, and visual cortices, decoding brain signals at high spatiotemporal resolution.