High stigma prevalence and associated factors among TB patients in Southern Afghanistan: A multi-center cross-sectional study.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: TB stigma represents a growing threat to TB care. Understanding TB stigma distribution and associating factors is crucial for effective TB control in Afghanistan. OBJECTIVES: To profile the prevalence of TB-related stigma and its associating factors among TB patients in Southern Afghanistan. METHODS: In this multi-center cross-sectional study, we randomly recruited 603 adult TB patients from 2 major TB treatment sites in Southern Afghanistan. A score of >8 on the Stigma Scale for Chronic Illness-8 items (SSCI-8 items) was considered as positive for TB-related stigma. We fitted a binary logistic regression model. RESULTS: Out of the 603 TB patients included in this study, 88.3% (95%CI 85.8-90.9%) had TB-related stigma using the SSCI-8 cutoff (>8). Being in the age group 18-40 years, rural residence, no formal education, severe perception of illness, lack of TB knowledge, and symptoms of depression had positive associations with TB stigma. CONCLUSION: A considerable percentage (88.3%) of patients had TB stigma. We identified potential risk factors that could serve as a benchmark for guiding policy efforts and interventions that aim to reduce stigma among TB patients in Afghanistan.