Detection of mucopolysaccharidosis type I heterozygotes based on the biochemical characteristics of leukocyte alpha-L-iduronidase.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: In the present study, we biochemically characterized the enzyme alpha-L-iduronidase (IDUA) of leukocytes from normal individuals and from mucopolysaccharidosis I (MPS I) heterozygotes, and compared these characteristics to discriminate for inclusion into two different groups. METHODS: We fluorimetrically measured IDUA activity in leukocytes using 4-methylumbelliferyl-alpha-L-iduronide as an artificial substrate. Optimum pH, Km, Vmax, and thermostability of the enzyme at 50 degrees C were determined. RESULTS: Based on leukocyte IDUA activity, we divided the heterozygotes into two groups, one (group 1) with activity below that detected in controls, and the other with activity similar to that of normal individuals (group 2). The optimum pH for IDUA was 2.7 for normal individuals and 2.6-2.8 for heterozygotes. With respect to Km, there was a difference only between the value for normal IDUA (0.60 mM) and the value for group 2 (0.38 mM), while group 1 showed a statistically similar value (0.49 mM). The Vmax of the reaction was discriminated in the three groups in a highly effective manner. The IDUA of normal individuals had a higher Vmax (60.98 nmoL/h x mg protein) than the enzyme of group 1 heterozygotes (28.66 nmoL/h x mg protein) and the enzyme of group 2 (31.78 nmoL/h x mg protein). When the IDUA from the three groups was pre-incubated at 50 degrees C, we observed that the IDUA of both group 1 and group 2 was significantly more thermostable than the IDUA of normal individuals. CONCLUSIONS: Determination of IDUA activity alone is not sufficient to discriminate between MPS I heterozygotes and normal individuals because a considerable overlap occurs between them. Our study showed that leukocyte IDUA from MPS I heterozygotes differed from the normal enzyme in terms of optimum pH, Km, and Vmax of the reaction and thermostability at 50 degrees C. These parameters provide a simple and reliable tool for the detection of carriers for MPS I.