[Effect of a personalized diet in the metabolic control and renal function of patients with type 2 diabetes]. / Efecto de la dieta personalizada en el control metabólico y función renal de pacientes con diabetes tipo 2.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: to evaluate a personalized diet customize for present comorbidity, on metabolic control indicators and renal function. METHODS: a non-randomized clinical trial was conducted during a three-month period in a group of patients with microalbuminuria and in a group with macroalbuminuria. The patients received personalized dietary counseling customize to their comorbidity (obesity, hypertension, and dislypidemia). The effect of the diet was measured through metabolic control variables body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, fasting glucose levels, glycated hemoglobin (HbA(1))c and lipids profile; the renal function variables were glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and urine albumin excretion (UAE). Statistical analysis was done with t-paired test. RESULTS: thirty-nine patients were included (21 women and 18 men). After the intervention, the weight and waist circumference had significantly decreased (p = 0.01); the fasting glucose levels and HbA(1)c were significantly lower (p = 0.001). The HDL-cholesterol increased significantly (p = 0.009); UAE decreased significantly in patients with micro and macroalbuminuria; 123.0 +/- 73.4 to 105.3 +/- 61.3 mg/24-h; p = 0.040 and 1482.7 +/- 1200.6 to 1093.5 +/- 601.8 mg/24-h; p = 0.02. The GFR increased in both groups 68.9 +/- 35.4 to 74.7 +/- 41.6 mL/min, p = 0.04; and 62.2 +/- 26.6 to 68.5 +/- 25.3 mL/min, p = 0.02. CONCLUSIONS: the dietary intervention improved the metabolic control and renal function in type 2 diabetes patients with comorbidity.