Simulation method for evaluating progressive addition lenses.

Since progressive addition lenses (PALs) are currently state-of-the-art in multifocal correction for presbyopia, it is important to study the methods for evaluating PALs. A nonoptical simulation method used to accurately characterize PALs during the design and optimization process is proposed in this paper. It involves the direct calculation of each surface of the lens according to the lens heights of front and rear surfaces. The validity of this simulation method for the evaluation of PALs is verified by the good agreement with Rotlex method. In particular, the simulation with a "correction action" included into the design process is potentially a useful method with advantages of time-saving, convenience, and accuracy. Based on the eye-plus-lens model, which is established through an accurate ray tracing calculation along the gaze direction, the method can find an excellent application in actually evaluating the wearer performance for optimal design of more comfortable, satisfactory, and personalized PALs.