Biomarkers as outcome predictors in subarachnoid hemorrhage--a systematic review.

ABSTRACT

CONTEXT Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) has a high fatality rate and many suffer from delayed neurological deficits. Biomarkers may aid in the identification of high-risk patients, guide treatment/management and improve outcome. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this review was to summarize biomarkers of SAH associated with outcome. METHODS: An electronic database query was completed, including an additional review of reference lists to include all potential human studies. RESULTS: A total of 298 articles were identified; 112 were reviewed; 55 studies were included. CONCLUSION: This review details biomarkers of SAH that correlate with outcome. It provides the basis for research investigating their possible translation into the management of SAH patients.