Microsomal metabolism of hexavalent chromium. Inhibitory effect of oxygen and involvement of cytochrome P-450.

ABSTRACT

The reduction of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI] by rat liver microsomes was studied. With 15-120 microM Na2CrO4 microsomes (0.5 mg protein/ml) effectively reduced Cr(VI) in the presence of NADPH provided anaerobic conditions. Phenobarbital (PB) and Aroclor 1254 (PCB) pretreatment increased microsomal Cr(VI) reduction while CoCl2 reduced the rate. The rates with 30 microM Na2CrO4 were 6.4 +/- 0.1, 7.8 +/- 0.7, 13.4 +/- 0.5, 2.95 +/- 0.09 nmol Cr.mg prot.-1 min-1 for control, PB, PCB and cobalt pretreated microsomes respectively. Kinetic studies gave a Michaeli-Menten like first-order kinetics with increases both in Km and Vmax values after pretreatment with PB or PCB. CO partly inhibited the microsomal Cr(VI) reduction. The CO-sensitive reduction rate was directly correlated to the cyt. P-450 content of the different microsomal preparations. Substituting NADH for NADPH gave approximately 27% lower activity with 30 microM Na2CrO4. This activity was neither inducible by cyt. P-450 inducers nor influenced by CO. Oxygen 1.0% and 0.10% gave approximately 100% and 30% inhibition of Cr(VI) reduction (30 microM Na2CrO4) respectively, and an uncompetitive like inhibitory pattern was found. No redox cycling of Cr(VI) was seen. 51Cr binding to the microsomes was approximately 10% after complete reduction of 30 microM Na2CrO4. Externally added FMN, Fe3+-ADP and nitrobenzen stimulated microsomal Cr(VI) reduction. A 60% higher reduction rate of Cr(VI) by isolated hepatocytes was found during anaerobic in comparison with aerobic conditions.