Does ethnic ancestry play a role in smoking?

ABSTRACT

The higher proportion of smokers among Black people in Brazil has been attributed to socioeconomic disparities, but genetic factors could also contribute for this finding. This study aimed at investigating associations between smoking status with genetically defined ethnic ancestry and socioeconomic features in Brazilians. Blood samples were collected from 448 volunteers (66.7% male; age 37.1 ± 11.4 years) classified as current smokers (CS 60.9%), former smokers (FS 8.9%) and never smokers (NS 30.1%). Individual interethnic admixtures were determined using a 48 insertion-deletion polymorphisms ancestry-informative-marker panel. CS showed a lower amount of European ancestry than NS (0.837 ± 0.243 X 0.883 ± 0.194, p ≤ 0.05) and FS (0.837 ± 0.243 X 0.864 ± 0.230, p ≤ 0.05), and a higher proportion of African Sub-Saharan ancestry than FS (0.128 ± 0.222 X 0.07 ± 0.174, p ≤ 0.05) and NS (0.128 ± 0.222 X 0.085 ± 0.178, p ≤ 0.05). NS reported a higher number of years in school than CS (11.2 ± 3.7 X 8.9 ± 3.8, p ≤ 0.001). CS were less common in economic Class A (30%) and more common in Class B (56.8%). In multivariate analysis, only lower number of school years and lower economic class were associated with higher chances for CS. The use of genetic molecular markers for characterizing ethnic background confirmed that socioeconomic disparities are the main determinants of higher smoking rates among Blacks in Brazil.