Disallowed and Allowed Gene Expression: Two Faces of Mature Islet Beta Cells.
Annu Rev Nutr
; 36: 45-71, 2016 07 17.
Article
en En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-27146011
ABSTRACT
Glucose homeostasis greatly depends on the match between fluctuating insulin demands and adjusted rates of insulin secretion, which is the function of pancreatic beta cells. Emerging evidence suggests that when neonatal beta cells mature, they acquire two faces of differentiated function an expected "visible face" that depends on specific beta cell proteins needed for regulated insulin release, but also a "hidden face" that represses ubiquitous proteins to prevent inappropriate beta cell function such as elevated basal hormone secretion or insulin release triggered by exercise. This review highlights this novel concept, and we first propose that hidden faces may also be relevant for other specialized tissue functions, such as ketogenesis in the liver. Next, we discuss three scenarios in which aberrant gene expression causes abnormal glucose-induced insulin release and the epigenetic regulation of the hidden face in beta cells. We conclude with perspectives for new research, including beta cell replacement to cure diabetes.
Palabras clave
Texto completo:
1
Colección:
01-internacional
Banco de datos:
MEDLINE
Asunto principal:
Páncreas
/
Regulación de la Expresión Génica
/
Medicina Basada en la Evidencia
/
Células Secretoras de Insulina
/
Insulina
/
Modelos Biológicos
Tipo de estudio:
Prognostic_studies
Límite:
Animals
/
Humans
/
Newborn
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Annu Rev Nutr
Año:
2016
Tipo del documento:
Article