Higher-than-ballistic conduction of viscous electron flows.

ABSTRACT

Strongly interacting electrons can move in a neatly coordinated way, reminiscent of the movement of viscous fluids. Here, we show that in viscous flows, interactions facilitate transport, allowing conductance to exceed the fundamental Landauer's ballistic limit [Formula see text] The effect is particularly striking for the flow through a viscous point contact, a constriction exhibiting the quantum mechanical ballistic transport at [Formula see text] but governed by electron hydrodynamics at elevated temperatures. We develop a theory of the ballistic-to-viscous crossover using an approach based on quasi-hydrodynamic variables. Conductance is found to obey an additive relation [Formula see text], where the viscous contribution [Formula see text] dominates over [Formula see text] in the hydrodynamic limit. The superballistic, low-dissipation transport is a generic feature of viscous electronics.