Investigation into the risk of ultra-low tar cigarettes and lung cancer.
Regul Toxicol Pharmacol
; 89: 112-117, 2017 Oct.
Article
en En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-28751259
ABSTRACT
We present analyses relating cigarette type to lung cancer based on a case-control study in five European countries. The analyses involved 3561 cases and 2301 controls with diseases not associated with smoking. Subjects completed a detailed questionnaire, including a lifetime smoking history. Analyses included never smokers, and those who smoked for at least 80% of the "critical period" from 2 to 20 years before diagnosis, ignoring those who ever smoked pipes or cigars, or chewed tobacco. The main analysis compares risk in those who, in the critical period, smoked ultra-low tar (ULT) cigarettes (machine yield ≤3 mg tar/cigarette) for 8 + years, with those who only smoked full flavour (FF) cigarettes (≥10 mg tar/cigarette). After adjustment for sex, age, country, education, age of starting smoking, mean cigarette consumption and mean tar level 21-50 years before interview, the odds ratio (OR) was 0.73 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.50-1.06). Other analyses showed a modest, not statistically significant, reduction in risk with tar reduction. Risk in ULT smokers for 8 + years was substantially higher than in never smokers (OR 16.27, 95% CI 10.14-26.09). The study was prematurely terminated due to cost overrun, limiting the power to detect an association. More evidence is needed, particularly on lifetime ULT smoking.
Palabras clave
Texto completo:
1
Colección:
01-internacional
Banco de datos:
MEDLINE
Asunto principal:
Breas
/
Fumar
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Neoplasias Pulmonares
Tipo de estudio:
Etiology_studies
/
Observational_studies
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Risk_factors_studies
Límite:
Female
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Humans
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Male
País/Región como asunto:
Europa
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Regul Toxicol Pharmacol
Año:
2017
Tipo del documento:
Article