Defect-Mediated Phase Transformation in Anisotropic Two-Dimensional PdSe2 Crystals for Seamless Electrical Contacts.

ABSTRACT

The failure to achieve stable Ohmic contacts in two-dimensional material devices currently limits their promised performance and integration. Here we demonstrate that a phase transformation in a region of a layered semiconductor, PdSe2, can form a contiguous metallic Pd17Se15 phase, leading to the formation of seamless Ohmic contacts for field-effect transistors. This phase transition is driven by defects created by exposure to an argon plasma. Cross-sectional scanning transmission electron microscopy is combined with theoretical calculations to elucidate how plasma-induced Se vacancies mediate the phase transformation. The resulting Pd17Se15 phase is stable and shares the same native chemical bonds with the original PdSe2 phase, thereby forming an atomically sharp Pd17Se15/PdSe2 interface. These Pd17Se15 contacts exhibit a low contact resistance of ∼0.75 kΩ µm and Schottky barrier height of ∼3.3 meV, enabling nearly a 20-fold increase of carrier mobility in PdSe2 transistors compared to that of traditional Ti/Au contacts. This finding opens new possibilities in the development of better electrical contacts for practical applications of 2D materials.