Synaptic Plasticity Forms and Functions.
Annu Rev Neurosci
; 43: 95-117, 2020 07 08.
Article
en En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-32075520
ABSTRACT
Synaptic plasticity, the activity-dependent change in neuronal connection strength, has long been considered an important component of learning and memory. Computational and engineering work corroborate the power of learning through the directed adjustment of connection weights. Here we review the fundamental elements of four broadly categorized forms of synaptic plasticity and discuss their functional capabilities and limitations. Although standard, correlation-based, Hebbian synaptic plasticity has been the primary focus of neuroscientists for decades, it is inherently limited. Three-factor plasticity rules supplement Hebbian forms with neuromodulation and eligibility traces, while true supervised types go even further by adding objectives and instructive signals. Finally, a recently discovered hippocampal form of synaptic plasticity combines the above elements, while leaving behind the primary Hebbian requirement. We suggest that the effort to determine the neural basis of adaptive behavior could benefit from renewed experimental and theoretical investigation of more powerful directed types of synaptic plasticity.
Palabras clave
Texto completo:
1
Colección:
01-internacional
Banco de datos:
MEDLINE
Asunto principal:
Sinapsis
/
Transmisión Sináptica
/
Aprendizaje
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Memoria
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Plasticidad Neuronal
Límite:
Animals
/
Humans
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Annu Rev Neurosci
Año:
2020
Tipo del documento:
Article