How can nanoparticle-based technologies revolutionize the topical therapy in psoriasis?

ABSTRACT

Psoriasis is one of the most common dermatoses with a heterogeneous pathogenesis which can be successfully exploited therapeutically as it is increasingly well understood. Topical therapy is the gold standard for psoriasis patients with mild disease courses and for complementary and maintenance treatment in moderate and severe forms. However, while new systemic therapies are rapidly implemented in the daily routine as our pathomechanistic understanding of psoriasis evolves, the development of topical psoriasis therapies stagnates. Modern topical treatments though would require not only new active substances but also improved galenics. Due to their unique ability to directly exert biological functions, but also to deliver drugs in optimal concentrations, enabling increased therapeutic efficacy, reduced adverse effects and improved patient compliance, nanoparticles may represent ideal drug carriers for local therapeutics in psoriasis. In recent years, a series of reports added important insights into the biology of skin-nanoparticles interactions and on how they impact the epidermal and dermal inflammatory compartments in vitro and in psoriasis plaques. Furthermore, by targeting anti-inflammatory substances to specific skin compartments, nanotechnological advances offer the exciting opportunity to fine-tune skin inflammation at molecular and cellular levels, paving the road to a high-precision, skin-directed topical therapy in psoriasis. However, nanoparticle-based therapies have not yet found their way into clinical routine in dermatology. We here resume the current advances in the research of nanoparticles and skin inflammation in general and psoriasis in particular and discuss how this promising technology should develop in order to fulfil the requirements of an optimal skin therapy.