Embelin ameliorates cognitive dysfunction and progression of kindling in pentylenetetrazol-induced kindling in mice by attenuating brain inflammation.
Epilepsy Behav
; 116: 107788, 2021 03.
Article
en En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-33581600
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE:
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of embelin (EMB) on various epileptic models and related brain inflammation.METHODS:
Male Swiss albino mice were administered EMB (5, 10, and 20â¯mg/kg/p.o.) in acute and chronic study for 7â¯days and 35â¯days, respectively. Acute study included increasing current electroshock (ICES) and pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced seizure test. Step-down latency (SDL) and forced swim test (FST) were performed to evaluate cognitive functions and depression-like behavior, respectively. Chronic study included PTZ-induced kindling. Levels of inflammatory biomarkers, namely interleukin-1 beta (IL-1ß), interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), were estimated in the hippocampus and cortex of the kindled brains by ELISA technique. Further, neurotransmitters (NTs), namely gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamate, and dopamine, were estimated by using validated liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method followed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC).RESULTS:
Embelin (EMB) treatment increased the seizure threshold to hind limb extension (HLE) in the ICES test and decreased the seizure scores in the kindling experiment. Significantly low levels of IL-1ß, IL-1Ra, IL-6, and TNF-α were observed in the hippocampus of PTZâ¯+â¯EMB (10 and 20â¯mg/kg)-treated groups compared with PTZ+ vehicle-treated group. Significantly lower levels of IL-1Ra, IL-6, and TNF-α compared with PTZ+ vehicle-treated group were observed in the cortex of PTZâ¯+â¯EMB (10 and 20â¯mg/kg)-treated groups, while IL-1ß levels were found to be significantly lower only in the cortex of PTZâ¯+â¯EMB (20â¯mg/kg)-treated group. Increased levels of dopamine and GABA and decreased levels of glutamate in both hippocampus and cortex were observed in EMBâ¯+â¯PTZ-treated groups compared with vehicleâ¯+â¯PTZ-treated group. Latency of step down was found to be increased and immobility time in FST was decreased in EMBâ¯+â¯PTZ groups compared with vehicleâ¯+â¯PTZ group.CONCLUSION:
Embelin suppressed epileptogenesis in the kindled mice via neurochemical modulation of neurotransmitters and inhibiting the inflammatory pathway. Further, EMB was also observed to be protecting the kindled animals from cognition and depression-like behavior.Palabras clave
Texto completo:
1
Colección:
01-internacional
Banco de datos:
MEDLINE
Asunto principal:
Encefalitis
/
Disfunción Cognitiva
/
Excitación Neurológica
Tipo de estudio:
Prognostic_studies
Límite:
Animals
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Epilepsy Behav
Asunto de la revista:
CIENCIAS DO COMPORTAMENTO
/
NEUROLOGIA
Año:
2021
Tipo del documento:
Article
País de afiliación:
India