In Silico Drug Repurposing by Structural Alteration after Induced Fit: Discovery of a Candidate Agent for Recovery of Nucleotide Excision Repair in Xeroderma Pigmentosum Group D Mutant (R683W).

ABSTRACT

Xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group D (XPD) is a UV-sensitive syndrome and a rare incurable genetic disease which is caused by the genetic mutation of the excision repair cross-complementation group 2 gene (ERCC2). Patients who harbor only XPD R683W mutant protein develop severe photosensitivity and progressive neurological symptoms. Cultured cells derived from patients with XPD (XPD R683W cells) demonstrate a reduced nucleotide excision repair (NER) ability. We hope to ameliorate clinical symptoms if we can identify candidate agents that would aid recovery of the cells' NER ability. To investigate such candidates, we created in silico methods of drug repurposing (in silico DR), a strategy that utilizes the recovery of ATP-binding in the XPD R683W protein after the induced fit. We chose 4E1RCat and aprepitant as the candidates for our in silico DR, and evaluated them by using the UV-induced unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) assay to verify the recovery of NER in XPD R683W cells. UDS values of the cells improved about 1.4-1.7 times after 4E1RCat treatment compared with solvent-only controls; aprepitant showed no positive effect. In this study, therefore, we succeeded in finding the candidate agent 4E1RCat for XPD R683W. We also demonstrated that our in silico DR method is a cost-effective approach for drug candidate discovery.