Regulatory effect of root restriction on aroma quality of Red Alexandria grape.

To systematically study the impact of root restriction (RR) on the aroma quality of grape berry, in this study, free and bound compounds were investigated in 'Red Alexandria' grape skin and pulp produced with and without RR during development and ripening. Compared with the control, RR advanced the initiation of free-terpene synthesis and increased their concentrations at 14-18 weeks post-flowering (wpf) by promoting the conversion of bound terpenes to free terpenes. In addition, RR significantly regulated the aromatic series at 14-18 wpf and advanced the date of aroma maturation. Network analyses indicated that the correlations among bound compounds were more conserved than those among free compounds, and the skin network displayed tight coordination compared with the pulp network. Terpenes were highly intercorrelated and played a core role in these networks. Finally, 10 bound compounds in pulp were screened out as indicators of the developmental timing of grape.