Synthesis, Application, and Antibacterial Activity of New Direct Dyes based on Chromene Derivatives.

ABSTRACT

AIMS: This study aimed at synthesizing, analyzing, and utilizing two new direct dyes based on chromene derivatives as the chromophoric moiety in dyeing wool, silk, and cotton, with good color strength, light fastness, and other desirable features. BACKGROUND: New direct dyes with antimicrobial activities for Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria, and fungus are being developed. These dyes are used on cotton, silk, and wool materials, which have excellent light fastness, washing, rubbing, and perspiration fastness. METHODS: All dyeing fabrics were tested for antibacterial activity. As a part of the experiment, parent structure 1 was previously synthesized. Then, diazotization and coupling reactions were used to prepare these dyes. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: P-Aminobenzenesulfonic acid (C1) and 4-Aminoazobenzene-3,4'-disulfonic acid (C2) were diazotized in hydrochloric acid with sodium nitrite and then coupled with compound 1 in a molar ratio of 11 at 25 °C until the pH was fixed at 5. Finally, the monoazo and diazo direct dyes (D1 and D2) were prepared. CONCLUSION: Wool, silk, and cotton materials benefit from the increased antibacterial activities and dyeing qualities (exhaustion and fixing) of synthetic dyes. Furthermore, they offer excellent fastness qualities (light, rubbing, and perspiration).