Rapid and non-invasive discrimination of acute leukemia bone marrow supernatants by Raman spectroscopy and multivariate statistical analysis.

ABSTRACT

A simple and non-invasive detection method for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) was established by systematically investigating the characteristics of bone marrow supernatants from 61 AML patients, 22 ALL patients, and 5 volunteers without hematological tumors by Raman spectroscopy and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). The control group could be well distinguished from the AML and ALL groups by Raman peaks of 859, 1031, 1437, 1443, 1446, 1579, and 1603 cm-1 and from the AML subtypes groups (AML-M2, AML-M3, AML-M4, and AML-M5) by the Raman peaks of 859, 1221, 1230, 1437, 1443, and 1603 cm-1, indicating high sensitivity and specificity of the method. Potentially important variables of acute leukemia (AL) prognosis, such as cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, adenosine deaminase, and hemoglobin, could be effectively identified by Raman peaks of 1437, 1443, and 1579 cm-1. Therefore, Raman spectroscopy can be considered as a new non-invasive clinical tool for the detection of different types of AL and can be used to correlate biochemical parameters of AL patients with the classification and prognosis of AL.