Microbiota-derived tryptophan metabolites in vascular inflammation and cardiovascular disease.
Amino Acids
; 54(10): 1339-1356, 2022 Oct.
Article
en En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-35451695
ABSTRACT
The essential amino acid tryptophan (Trp) is metabolized by gut commensals, yielding in compounds that affect innate immune cell functions directly, but also acting on the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), thus regulating the maintenance of group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), promoting T helper 17 (TH17) cell differentiation, and interleukin-22 production. In addition, microbiota-derived Trp metabolites have direct effects on the vascular endothelium, thus influencing the development of vascular inflammatory phenotypes. Indoxyl sulfate was demonstrated to promote vascular inflammation, whereas indole-3-propionic acid and indole-3-aldehyde had protective roles. Furthermore, there is increasing evidence for a contributory role of microbiota-derived indole-derivatives in blood pressure regulation and hypertension. Interestingly, there are indications for a role of the kynurenine pathway in atherosclerotic lesion development. Here, we provide an overview on the emerging role of gut commensals in the modulation of Trp metabolism and its influence in cardiovascular disease development.
Palabras clave
Texto completo:
1
Colección:
01-internacional
Banco de datos:
MEDLINE
Asunto principal:
Enfermedades Cardiovasculares
/
Microbiota
Límite:
Humans
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Amino Acids
Asunto de la revista:
BIOQUIMICA
Año:
2022
Tipo del documento:
Article
País de afiliación:
Alemania