Convergent evolution of antiviral machinery derived from endogenous retrovirus truncated envelope genes in multiple species.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
; 119(26): e2114441119, 2022 06 28.
Article
en En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-35749360
ABSTRACT
Host genetic resistance to viral infection controls the pathogenicity and epidemic dynamics of infectious diseases. Refrex-1 is a restriction factor against feline leukemia virus subgroup D (FeLV-D) and an endogenous retrovirus (ERV) in domestic cats (ERV-DC). Refrex-1 is encoded by a subset of ERV-DC loci with truncated envelope genes and secreted from cells as a soluble protein. Here, we identified the copper transporter CTR1 as the entry receptor for FeLV-D and genotype I ERV-DCs. We also identified CTR1 as a receptor for primate ERVs from crab-eating macaques and rhesus macaques, which were found in a search of intact envelope genes capable of forming infectious viruses. Refrex-1 counteracted infection by FeLV-D and ERV-DCs via competition for the entry receptor CTR1; the antiviral effects extended to primate ERVs with CTR1-dependent entry. Furthermore, truncated ERV envelope genes found in chimpanzee, bonobo, gorilla, crab-eating macaque, and rhesus macaque genomes could also block infection by feline and primate retroviruses. Genetic analyses showed that these ERV envelope genes were acquired in a species- or genus-specific manner during host evolution. These results indicated that soluble envelope proteins could suppress retroviral infection across species boundaries, suggesting that they function to control retroviral spread. Our findings revealed that several mammalian species acquired antiviral machinery from various ancient retroviruses, leading to convergent evolution for host defense.
Palabras clave
Texto completo:
1
Colección:
01-internacional
Banco de datos:
MEDLINE
Asunto principal:
Genes env
/
Leucemia Felina
/
Virus de la Leucemia Felina
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Infecciones por Retroviridae
/
Transportador de Cobre 1
Tipo de estudio:
Prognostic_studies
Límite:
Animals
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
Año:
2022
Tipo del documento:
Article
País de afiliación:
Japón