Influence of sperm post-thaw subpopulations of angus and nelore bulls on pregnancy rates by fixed-time artificial insemination.

BACKGROUND: The heterogeneity of ejaculate indicates that fertility is still variable among bulls and that more stringent evaluation methods are needed to identify the ejaculates suitable for AI. OBJECTIVE: To identify and characterize the sperm subpopulations (SP) in thawed semen doses of Nelore and Angus bulls and to evaluate the influence of these sperm subpopulations on pregnancy rate in cows submitted to fixed-time AI (FTAI). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A dose of post-thawed semen from each bull (n=18; consisting of Angus n = 9 and Nelore n = 9) was analyzed for: sperm kinetics; morphology and plasma membrane integrity; and the determination of the sperm subpopulations. Differences between the groups were estimated with the t-test considering a significance level of <5%. RESULTS: There was no influence between breeding bulls for sperm morphology, plasma membrane integrity, and pregnancy rate (P > 0.05). Regarding the kinetic parameters evaluated by the CASA system, Nelore had greater values, for cells with slow velocity (Angus: 16.4 %; Nelore: 21.7%; P = 0.028). In contrast, ANGUS bulls had more static cells (Angus: 27.2%; Nelore: 9.3%; P = 0.048). Based on CASA system data and clustering procedures, four sperm subpopulations were statistically established. In Angus bulls, a higher level of fast and nonlinear spermatozoa were found in SP3 (33.3%), followed by SP1 (32.7%%) with fast and progressive spermatozoa. Whereas, SP1 of Nelore bulls had 33.8% fast and progressive spermatozoa, followed by 32.2% of SP3 with fast and nonlinear spermatozoa. CONCLUSION: Both breeds of bulls presented similar proportions of sperm SP. Consequently, no influence on the pregnancy rates was shown in cows submitted to the IATF programs on a large scale. doi.org/10.54680/fr22310110312.