Disparate discipline faced by black youth: The need for bias mitigation and school nursing impact to promote school connectedness.

ABSTRACT

School connectedness is needed to improve youth mental health. Developing a school connection is more arduous for Black youth with a history of pervasive exclusionary discipline. This narrative review discusses academic and socioemotional consequences of school removals while highlighting disparities for Black youth. A comprehensive literature search was conducted, identifying relevant studies and publications using electronic databases; results from the last ten years were preferable but older references were included if deemed important. Recommendations for elevating the influence of school nursing has been included to help mitigate disparities and racial bias, considering historical discipline trends and rising mental health needs.