A new DNA aptamer which binds to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and reduces pro-inflammatory response.

ABSTRACT

COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 spread rapidly around the world, endangering the health of people globally. The SARS-CoV-2 spike protein initiates entry into target cells by binding to human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). In this study, we developed DNA aptamers that specifically bind to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, thereby inhibiting its binding to ACE2. DNA aptamers are small nucleic acid fragments with random structures that selectively bind to various target molecules. We identified nine aptamers targeting the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein using the systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) method and selected three optimal aptamers by comparing their binding affinities. Additionally, we confirmed that the DNA aptamers suppressed pro-inflammatory cytokines induced by the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in ACE2-overexpressing HEK293 cells. Overall, the DNA aptamer developed in this study has the potential to bind to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and inhibit or block its interaction with ACE2. Thus, our DNA aptamers can be used as new biological tools for the prevention and diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection.