Implications of the Consciousness State on Decannulation in Patients With a Prolonged Disorder of Consciousness.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To prospectively investigate the evolution of the consciousness state and the cannula-weaning progression in patients with prolonged disorders of consciousness. DESIGN: Nonconcurrent cohort study. SETTING: A rehabilitation unit. PARTICIPANTS: Adult patients (N=144) with prolonged disorders of consciousness after a severe acquired brain injury admitted between June 2020 and September 2022. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Consciousness state was assessed by repeated Coma Recovery Scale-Revised (CRS-R) questionnaire administration at admission and weekly afterward. The dates of the first improvement of consciousness state and the achievement of decannulation were recorded. Decannulation followed an internal protocol of multiprofessional rehabilitation. RESULTS: One hundred forty-four patients were included age, 69 years; 64 (44.4%) with hemorrhagic etiology; time post onset, 40 days, CRS-R score at admission, 9, median length of stay, 90 days. Seventy-three (50.7%) patients were decannulated. They showed a significantly higher CRS-R (P<.001) and states of consciousness (P<.001) at admission, at the first improvement of the consciousness state (P=.003), and at discharge (P<.001); a lower severity in the Cumulative Illness Rating Scale at admission (P=.01); and a lower rate of pulmonary infections with recurrence (P=.021), compared with nondecannulated patients. Almost all decannulated patients (97.3%) improved their consciousness before decannulation. Consciousness states at decannulation were as follows unresponsive wakefulness syndrome, 0 (0%); minimally conscious state (MCS) minus, 4 (5.5%); MCS plus, 7 (9.6%); and emergence from MCS, 62 (84.9%). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed a significant divergence between the curves with a higher probability of decannulation in patients who improved consciousness (P<.001). CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that the presence of signs of consciousness, even subtle, is a necessary condition for decannulation, suggesting that consciousness may influence some of the components implied in the decannulation process.