Pertussis toxin B-oligomer suppresses IL-6 induced HIV-1 and chemokine expression in chronically infected U1 cells via inhibition of activator protein 1.
J Immunol
; 176(2): 999-1006, 2006 Jan 15.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-16393986
ABSTRACT
Pertussis toxin B-oligomer (PTX-B) inhibits HIV replication in T lymphocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages by interfering with multiple steps of the HIV life cycle. PTX-B prevents CCR5-dependent (R5) virus entry in a noncompetitive manner, and it also exerts suppressive effects on both R5- and CXCR4-dependent HIV expression at a less-characterized postentry level. We demonstrate in this study that PTX-B profoundly inhibits HIV expression in chronically infected promonocytic U1 cells stimulated with several cytokines and, particularly, the IL-6-mediated effect, a cytokine that triggers viral production in these cells independently of NF-kappaB activation. From U1 cells we have subcloned a cell line, named U1-CR1, with increased responsiveness to IL-6. In these cells, PTX-B neither down-regulated the IL-6R nor prevented IL-6 induced signaling in terms of STAT3 phosphorylation and DNA binding. In contrast, PTX-B inhibited AP-1 binding to target DNA and modified its composition with a proportional increases in FosB, Fra2, and ATF2. PTX-B inhibited IL-6-induced HIV-1 long-terminal repeat-driven transcription from A, C, E, and F viral subtypes, which contain functional AP-1 binding sites, but failed to inhibit transcription from subtypes B and D LTR devoid of these sites. In addition, PTX-B inhibited the secretion of IL-6-induced, AP-1-dependent genes, including urokinase-type plasminogen activator, CXCL8/IL-8, and CCL2/monocyte chemotactic protein-1. Thus, PTX-B suppression of IL-6 induced expression of HIV and cellular genes in chronically infected promonocytic cells is strongly correlated to inhibition of AP-1.
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Coleções:
01-internacional
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
HIV-1
/
Interleucina-6
/
Fator de Transcrição AP-1
/
Quimiocinas
/
Toxina Pertussis
Limite:
Humans
Idioma:
En
Revista:
J Immunol
Ano de publicação:
2006
Tipo de documento:
Article
País de afiliação:
Itália