Synergistic inhibitory effect of sulforaphane and 5-fluorouracil in high and low metastasis cell lines of salivary gland adenoid cystic carcinoma.

ABSTRACT

The present study aimed to evaluate the growth-inhibitory effect of sulforaphane (SFN) and a traditional chemotherapy agent, 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu), against the proliferation of salivary gland adenoid cystic carcinoma high metastatic cell line (ACC-M) and low metastasis cell line (ACC-2). Furthermore, the expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) which induces resistance to anticancer chemotherapeutic agents was also detected. The combination effect of SFN and 5-Fu was quantitatively determined using the method of median effect principle and the combination index. The nuclear NF-kappaB p65 expression after treatment with the SFN-5-Fu combination was also evaluated by western blot analysis. The ACC-M and ACC-2 cells exhibited relative resistant to 5-Fu. Treatment ACCs cells with SFN and 5-Fu in combination, led to synergistic inhibition on cell growth and a decreased expression in nuclear NF-kappaB p65 protein. This synergistic inhibitory effect was more significant in ACC-M cells, which is associated with the greatly decreased expression of NF-kappaB p65 (almost 5-fold) after the combination treatment. Our results demonstrate synergism between SFN and 5-Fu at higher doses against the ACC-M and ACC-2 cells, which was associated with the decreased expression of nuclear NF-kappaB p65 protein.