[Abnormalities of respiratory function in civil defence firefighter-submarine divers. Respective role of diving and occupational exposure related to occupational firefighter's functions]. / Anomalies de la fonction respiratoire chez les pompiers-plongeurs sous-marins de la protection civile. Rôles respectifs de la plongée et des agressions liées aux fonctions de pompier professionnel.

ABSTRACT

Lung function was studied in 20 firemen-submarine divers (mean age 36 +/- 1.2 years) of the French civil defence undergoing the medical check-up compulsory for professional divers (lung function tests are not systematically performed in ordinary firemen). Compared with the CECA standards (1) vital capacity (VC) was increased, residual volume (RV) was decreased and total lung capacity (TLC) was unchanged; (2) with the exception of peak respiratory flow, all expiratory flow values (FEV1, MEF50, MEF25) were decreased; (3) the permeability factor (KCO) was decreased. These functional abnormalities were moderately worse in subjects who smoked. Some abnormalities (increased VC, decreased RV) are typical of diving activities, but the deterioration of effort-dependent expiratory flow values and alveolar-capillary diffusion must be ascribed to specific nuisances (fumes, polluants, toxic substances) associated with fireman's activities. Monitoring lung function in all professional firemen therefore seems to be necessary, if not indispensable.