Protein Z, an anticoagulant protein with expanding role in reproductive biology.
Reproduction
; 146(2): R73-80, 2013 Aug.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-23690629
ABSTRACT
Protein Z (PZ) is a vitamin K-dependent factor characterized by its homology to other vitamin K-dependent factors (factors VII, IX, and X, protein C and protein S), but lacks any enzymatic activity. Instead, PZ acts as a cofactor for the inhibition of factor Xa through the serpin PZ-dependent protease inhibitor (ZPI). PZ deficiency is associated with a procoagulant state, highlighted by excessive FXa secretion and thrombin production, and is linked with several thrombotic disorders, including arterial vascular and venous thromboembolic diseases. A role for the PZ-ZPI complex in the regulation of physiological pregnancy has been demonstrated, highlighted by the progressive elevation in PZ levels in the first trimester of gestation, which then steadily decline toward delivery. An association between altered plasma PZ concentrations and adverse pregnancy outcomes (recurrent miscarriage, stillbirth, preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction, and placental abruption) has been reported. The mechanism by which PZ deficiency leads to adverse pregnancy outcomes is not clear, but it is multifactorial. It may be attributed to the anti-PZ IgG and IgM autoantibodies, which apparently act independently of classical antiphospholipid antibodies (lupus anticoagulant, anticardiolipin, and anti-ß2-glycoprotein I antibodies). PZ deficiency has also been reported to be constitutional, and a number of variants in the PROZ (PZ) gene and SERPINA10 (ZPI) gene are linked with specific adverse pregnancy complications. This review summarizes the relationship between adverse pregnancy outcomes and acquired and constitutional PZ-ZPI deficiency, in order to understand whether or not PZ deficiency could be considered as a risk factor for poor pregnancy outcomes.
Texto completo:
1
Coleções:
01-internacional
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Manutenção da Gravidez
/
Proteínas Sanguíneas
Tipo de estudo:
Risk_factors_studies
Limite:
Female
/
Humans
/
Pregnancy
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Reproduction
Assunto da revista:
MEDICINA REPRODUTIVA
Ano de publicação:
2013
Tipo de documento:
Article
País de afiliação:
Bahrein