[Cardiologic evaluation of patients undergoing chemotherapy]. / La consulenza cardiologica "mirata" nel paziente oncologico sottoposto a chemioterapia: come prevenire e monitorare la cardiotossicità in maniera appropriate.

ABSTRACT

Life expectancy in patients affected by cancer has recently increased because of early diagnosis and actual therapies. In recent years, Oncology and Cardiology developed a tight relationship because of common risk factors (i.e., obesity, smoking, alcool intake, etc...), and for preventing the prothrombotic status due to cancer and the potential cardiotoxicity of chemotherapy. Cardiotoxicity incidence is reported from 1% up to 70% in retrospective analyses of drug protocols, mainly representing by left ventricular dysfunction (both reversible or irreversible), but also by arrhythmias, hypertension, atrioventricular block, coronary spasm, and arterial or venous thromboembolism. The early detection of the chemoterapy induced cardiotoxicity is now mandatory and can be obtained through a proper patients selection for different treatments and a strict monitoring during the follow-up period. The role of biomarkers of early cardiac damage, mainly, troponin I and brain natriuretic peptide-BNP, has been recently challenged, and algorithms are currently available. In the present paper, we propose how to perform a cardiological evaluation of patients undergoing chemotherapy tailored by the known adverse effects of the drugs.