Self-reported neck and shoulder pain in adolescents is associated with episodic and chronic migraine.

ABSTRACT

AIM: The aim of this study was to verify the association between self-reported neck/shoulder pain and migraine and to compare findings of chronic and episodic migraine in adolescents. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 601 secondary-school students filled in questionnaires about headache appearance, type and frequency, neck and shoulder pain and lifestyle factors. RESULTS: The adjusted strength of the association between reported neck and shoulder pain and migraine (assessed in multinomial regression models) increased with the frequency of migraine less than once a week (OR = 1.40; 95% CI = (0.85-2.30)), weekly (OR = 2.14; 95% CI = (1.42-3.24)), and at least 15 days/month (OR = 7.27; 95% CI = (3.42-15.44)). CONCLUSION: In adolescents the association between self-reported neck and shoulder pain and migraine is most pronounced in migraine with a high attack frequency.