Toxicity of atrazine- and glyphosate-based formulations on Caenorhabditis elegans.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf
; 156: 216-222, 2018 Jul 30.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-29550685
ABSTRACT
Atrazine and Glyphosate are herbicides massively used in agriculture for crop protection. Upon application, they are available to the biota in different ecosystems. The aim of this research was to evaluate the toxicity of Glyphosate and Atrazine based formulations (GBF and ABF, respectively). Caenorhabditis elegans was exposed to different concentrations of each single formulation, and to the mixture. Lethality, locomotion, growth, and fertility were measured as endpoints. Effects on gene expression were monitored utilizing green fluorescence protein transgenic strains. ABF caused lethality of 12%, 15%, and 18% for 6, 60, and 600⯵M, respectively, displaying a dose dependence trend. GBF produced lethality of 20%, 50%, and 100% at 0.01, 10, and 100⯵M, respectively. Locomotion inhibition ranged from 21% to 89% at the lowest and maximum tested concentrations for Atrazine; whereas for Glyphosate, exposure to 10⯵M inhibited 87%. Brood size was decreased by 67% and 93% after treatment to 0.06 and 6⯵M Atrazine, respectively; and by 23% and 93% after exposure to 0.01 and 10⯵M Glyphosate, respectively. There were no significant differences in growth. Changes in gene expression occurred in all genes, highlighting the expression of sod-1, sod-4, and gpx-4 that increased more than two-fold after exposure to 600⯵M ABF and 10⯵M GBF. The effects observed for the mixture of these formulations were additive for lethality, locomotion and fertility. In short, GBF, ABF, and their mixture induced several toxic responses related to oxidative stress on C. elegans.
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01-internacional
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Atrazina
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Caenorhabditis elegans
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Glicina
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Herbicidas
Limite:
Animals
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf
Ano de publicação:
2018
Tipo de documento:
Article