Chloride Channels in Astrocytes: Structure, Roles in Brain Homeostasis and Implications in Disease.
Int J Mol Sci
; 20(5)2019 Feb 27.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-30818802
ABSTRACT
Astrocytes are the most abundant cell type in the CNS (central nervous system). They exert multiple functions during development and in the adult CNS that are essential for brain homeostasis. Both cation and anion channel activities have been identified in astrocytes and it is believed that they play key roles in astrocyte function. Whereas the proteins and the physiological roles assigned to cation channels are becoming very clear, the study of astrocytic chloride channels is in its early stages. In recent years, we have moved from the identification of chloride channel activities present in astrocyte primary culture to the identification of the proteins involved in these activities, the determination of their 3D structure and attempts to gain insights about their physiological role. Here, we review the recent findings related to the main chloride channels identified in astrocytes the voltage-dependent ClC-2, the calcium-activated bestrophin, the volume-activated VRAC (volume-regulated anion channel) and the stress-activated Maxi-Cl-. We discuss key aspects of channel biophysics and structure with a focus on their role in glial physiology and human disease.
Palavras-chave
Texto completo:
1
Coleções:
01-internacional
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Encéfalo
/
Encefalopatias
/
Astrócitos
/
Canais de Cloreto
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Homeostase
Tipo de estudo:
Prognostic_studies
Limite:
Animals
/
Humans
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Int J Mol Sci
Ano de publicação:
2019
Tipo de documento:
Article
País de afiliação:
Espanha