MAIT cells in metabolic diseases.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Metabolic diseases represent a wide category of alterations affecting metabolism. These pathologies are notably marked by inflammation that implicates the immune system. Mucosal Associated Invariant (MAI)T cells are immune cells expressing a semi-invariant TCR able to recognize bacterial and fungal vitamin B metabolites. MAIT cells can promote inflammation and are present in many organs central to metabolism, suggesting a role in the etiopathology of these diseases. SCOPE OF THE REVIEW Here, we will review what is known of the involvement of MAIT cells in metabolic pathologies in humans and mice. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS: MAIT cells are severely affected, overactivated with a frequency reduction and a phenotype shift from protective to deleterious. Therefore, they might be a novel target to treat, in particular, pancreas and liver metabolic diseases.