Identification of Specific Long Non-Coding Ribonucleic Acid Signatures and Regulatory Networks in Prostate Cancer in Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsies.

Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common tumors in men and can be lethal, especially if left untreated. A substantial majority of PCa patients not only are diagnosed based on fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsies, but their treatment choices are also largely driven by the pathological findings obtained with these FNA specimens. It is widely believed that lncRNAs have strong biological significance, but their specific functions and regulatory networks have not been elucidated. LncRNAs may serve as key players and regulators of PCa carcinogenesis and could be novel biomarkers of this cancer. To identify potential markers for early detection of PCa, in this study, we employed a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) microarray to identify differentially expressed lncRNAs (DelncRNAs) in PCa tissue and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis to validate these DelncRNAs in FNA biopsies. We demonstrated that a total of 451 lncRNAs were differentially expressed in four pairs of PCa/adjacent tissues, and upregulation of the lncRNAs RP11-33A14.1, RP11-423H2.3, and LAMTOR5-AS1 was confirmed in FNA biopsies of PCa by qRT-PCR and was consistent with the ceRNA array data. The association between the expression of the lncRNA LAMTOR5-AS1 and aggressive cancer was also investigated. Regulatory network analysis of DelncRNAs showed that the lncRNAs RP11-33A14.1 and RP11-423H2.3 targeted miR-7, miR-24-3p, and miR-30 and interacted with the RNA binding protein FUS. Knockdown of these DelncRNAs in PCa cells also demonstrated the effects of RP11-423H2.3 on miR-7/miR-24/miR-30 or LAMTOR5-AS1 on miR-942-5p/miR-542-3p via direct interaction. The results of these studies indicate that these three specific lncRNA signatures and regulatory networks might serve as risk prediction and diagnostic biomarkers for prostate cancer, even in biopsies obtained by FNA.