Panaxatriol Saponins Promote M2 Polarization of BV2 Cells to Reduce Inflammation and Apoptosis after Glucose/Oxygen Deprivation by Activating STAT3.

ABSTRACT

Panaxatriol saponins (PTS) have a long history in the treatment of stroke. In our previous experiments, PTS has been found to alleviate ischemic stroke and play a role through regulating the inflammatory response, but the specific mechanism of its regulation is still unclear. Cell viability was determined by MTT assay. Expressions of polarization-related proteins CD16, CD68, ARG1 and CD206; inflammatory factors interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß); inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS); monocyte chemotactic protein 1(MCP-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2); apoptosis-related proteins pro-caspase3; bax; caspase3 and bcl-2; and STAT3 and p-STAT3 were detected by western blot. ELISA was used to detect the expression of inflammatory-related factors in cells. The apoptosis rate was detected by flow cytometry. We found that the survival rate of oxygen sugar deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) cells increased obviously after PTS treatment in a dose-dependent manner. PTS can promote M2 polarization of microglial cells (BV2) and inhibit inflammatory response of OGD/R cells, accompanied by decreased expression of inflammatory factors IL-1ß, iNOS, MCP-1, and COX-2. PTS inhibited apoptosis of OGD/R cells and was accompanied by decreased expression of apoptotic proteins Bax and caspase3 and increased expression of Bcl-2. We also found that PTS activated STAT3 levels in BV2 cells. After the addition of STAT3 inhibitor Stattic, it was found that PTS could promote M2 polarization of BV2 cells by activating the STAT3 pathway, thus inhibiting cell inflammation and apoptosis. PTS promoted M2 polarization in microglia cells by activating the STAT3 pathway, thereby reducing cell inflammation and apoptosis after glucose/oxygen deprivation.