International optimism: Correlates and consequences of dispositional optimism across 61 countries.
J Pers
; 89(2): 288-304, 2021 04.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-32770554
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE:
The current exploratory study sought to examine dispositional optimism, or the general expectation for positive outcomes, around the world.METHOD:
Dispositional optimism and possible correlates were assessed across 61 countries (N = 15,185; mean age = 21.92; 77% female). Mean-level differences in optimism were computed along with their relationships with individual and country-level variables.RESULTS:
Worldwide, mean optimism levels were above the midpoint of the scale. Perhaps surprisingly, country-level optimism was negatively related to gross domestic product per capita, population density, and democratic norms and positively related to income inequality and perceived corruption. However, country-level optimism was positively related to projected economic improvement. Individual-level optimism was positively related to individual well-being within every country, although this relationship was less strong in countries with challenging economic and social circumstances.CONCLUSIONS:
While individuals around the world are generally optimistic, societal characteristics appear to affect the degree to which their optimism is associated with psychological well-being, sometimes in seemingly anomalous ways.Palavras-chave
Texto completo:
1
Coleções:
01-internacional
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Personalidade
/
Otimismo
Limite:
Adult
/
Female
/
Humans
/
Male
Idioma:
En
Revista:
J Pers
Ano de publicação:
2021
Tipo de documento:
Article
País de afiliação:
Estados Unidos