Differences in the progression of experimental peri-implantitis depending on the implant to abutment connection.

OBJECTIVES: The aim was to evaluate the rate of bone loss progression during experimentally induced peri-implantitis using two different implant-abutment connections in implants with identical surface topography. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty-eight Regular Neck tissue-level SLA implants with a matching implant to abutment connection (TL) and 36 bone-level SLA implants with a switching platform implant to abutment connection (BL) were subjected to experimental peri-implantitis in two independent in vivo pre-clinical investigations. Experimental peri-implantitis was induced by means of silk ligatures during 3 months (induction phase), and followed for one extra month without ligatures (progression phase). Radiographic and clinical outcomes were evaluated longitudinally along both studies and subsequently compared between experiments. RESULTS: During the induction phase, radiographic bone loss was significantly higher in implants with matched abutments compared with those with platform switching connections (2.65 ± 0.66 mm vs 0.84 ± 0.16 mm, respectively, p = 0.001). During the progression phase, both types of implant-abutment connection exhibited similar rates of radiographic bone loss. Similar outcomes were observed clinically. CONCLUSIONS: A platform switching connection resulted in a more benign development of peri-implantitis during the experimental induction phase of the disease. These differences, however, disappeared once the ligatures were removed (progression phase). CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Influence of the implant-abutment connection in peri-implantitis progression may be relevant when considering implant selection in the moment of placement. In this sense, platform switching abutment demonstrated less peri-implantitis development when compared to implant matching connection.