Regional and Volumetric Parameters for Diffusion-Weighted WHO Grade II and III Glioma Genotyping: A Method Comparison.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Studies consistently report lower ADC values in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) wild-type gliomas than in IDH mutant tumors, but their methods and thresholds vary. This research aimed to compare volumetric and regional ADC measurement techniques for glioma genotyping, with a focus on IDH status prediction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Treatment-naïve World Health Organization grade II and III gliomas were analyzed by 3 neuroradiologist readers blinded to tissue results. ADC minimum and mean ROIs were defined in tumor and in normal-appearing white matter to calculate normalized values. T2-weighted tumor VOIs were registered to ADC maps with histogram parameters (mean, 2nd and 5th percentiles) extracted. Nonparametric testing (eta2 and ANOVA) was performed to identify associations between ADC metrics and glioma genotypes. Logistic regression was used to probe the ability of VOI and ROI metrics to predict IDH status. RESULTS: The study included 283 patients with 79 IDH wild-type and 204 IDH mutant gliomas. Across the study population, IDH status was most accurately predicted by ROI mean normalized ADC and VOI mean normalized ADC, with areas under the curve of 0.83 and 0.82, respectively. The results for ROI-based genotyping of nonenhancing and solid-patchy enhancing gliomas were comparable with volumetric parameters (area under the curve = 0.81-0.84). In rim-enhancing, centrally necrotic tumors (n = 23), only volumetric measurements were predictive (0.90). CONCLUSIONS: Regional normalized mean ADC measurements are noninferior to volumetric segmentation for defining solid glioma IDH status. Partially necrotic, rim-enhancing tumors are unsuitable for ROI assessment and may benefit from volumetric ADC quantification.