Validation of the Japanese version of the Sleep Hygiene Practice Scale.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: This study sought to validate the Japanese version of the Sleep Hygiene Practices Scale (SHPS-J). PATIENTS/METHODS: A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted via the internet. In total, 854 participants (435 men, 419 women; mean age, 42.91 ± 11.54 years) were asked to complete all scales, and 283 of them were asked to complete the same scales two weeks later. The survey consisted of the SHPS-J, the Japanese version of the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI-J), and the Japanese version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI-J). The SHPS-J was developed according to the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research Task Force for Translation and Cultural Adaption. For the analysis, participants were divided into three groups insomnia syndrome, insomnia symptoms, and good sleep groups. RESULTS: The SHPS-J had good test-retest reliability (ICC 0.55-0.76) and adequate internal consistency (α = 0.54-0.74), except with regard to eating/drinking behaviors. The factorial validity of the four-factor structure was confirmed through a confirmatory factor analysis; however, one item related to eating/drinking behaviors had no significant factor loading. The construct validity was confirmed through a correlation analysis between each domain of the SHPS-J and ISI-J (r = 0.19-0.60, p < 0.01). The results of clinical validation confirmed that all domains of the SHPS-J were significantly higher for individuals with insomnia than for good sleepers. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirmed both the reliability and validity of the SHPS-J.