Modeling transmission of hexavalent chromium concentration and its health cost with a water quality analysis simulation program.
Water Environ Res
; 93(9): 1779-1788, 2021 Sep.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-33829623
ABSTRACT
In this study, the Water Quality Analysis Simulation Program (WASP7) was used to evaluate the transmission of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) contamination in a water-sediment system and its flux into cultivated soils. The agricultural areas adjacent to the Wu River in Taiwan were taken as the study area, as these soils were heavily polluted with Cr(VI) concentrations of 2173-3271 µg/kg. The rates of accumulation of Cr(VI) are affected by the distance from the source of contamination and the size and type of cultivated areas. The highest concentrations of Cr(VI) (4.27 mg/kg) were detected in soil from Changhua city and correlated with the greater risk of gastric cancer in residents. Specifically, the risk of gastric cancer due to Cr(VI) contamination of agricultural soil was 3 × 10 - 7 - 15.2 × 10 - 6 in Taichung city (upstream) and 1.3 × 10 - 6 - 76.3 × 10 - 6 in Changhua county (downstream). The values of statistical life-years (VSLYs) were US$6.2-10 million for rice, US$42-60 million for corn, and US$360-580 million for other vegetables, respectively, each year. It is critical that techniques other than source reduction are used to reduce human exposure to Cr(VI), such as chemical oxidation or ion-exchange treatment to remove Cr(VI) from factory wastewaters, prior to their discharge into rivers. PRACTITIONER POINTS This study evaluated the transmission of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) contamination in a water-sediment-soil system. Maximum concentrations of Cr(VI) most rapidly accumulated in the smallest cultivated areas. The highest concentrations of Cr(VI) (3.3 mg/kg) were correlated with the greater risk of gastric cancer. Young children had a threefold greater risk of gastric cancer than adults. Techniques other than source reduction are prior to their discharge into rivers.
Palavras-chave
Texto completo:
1
Coleções:
01-internacional
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Qualidade da Água
/
Cromo
Tipo de estudo:
Health_economic_evaluation
/
Prognostic_studies
Limite:
Adult
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Child
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Child, preschool
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Humans
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Water Environ Res
Assunto da revista:
SAUDE AMBIENTAL
/
TOXICOLOGIA
Ano de publicação:
2021
Tipo de documento:
Article
País de afiliação:
Taiwan